As a part of the
population exchange between Greece and Turkey after the
Greco-Turkish war of 1919-1922, a number of refugees fled to
Attica from the former
Ottoman Empire. In 1926, refugees from
Argyroupolis in northeastern Turkey (modern
Gümüşhane meaning "silver house") arrived in site, then named
Ktima Geroulanou (). They named the new settlement
Nea Argyroupolis as a remembrance to their old hometown. There was presumably much resemblance between the two towns as, Argyroupoli is built on a plain with the
Hymettus mountain to its north, as Gümüşhane is built on a plain with the
Pontic Alps to the north. One of the first tasks of the settlers was to build the church of
Αγία Βαρβάρα (St. Barbara), named after the patron saint of the now Turkish city. During the
Second World War, the settlement was used by the Germans to protect their ammunition and airplanes that were stationed in the nearby airfield. On December 6, 1943, the settlement was bombed by the British
Royal Air Force. Although there were reportedly no casualties amongst the population, the settlement was razed to the ground. The settlement was part of the community of
Kalamaki until 1949, when it became a separate community. It was elevated to municipality status in 1972. ==Geography==