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Arihant (Jainism)

Arihant is a jiva (soul) who has conquered inner passions such as attachment, anger, pride and greed. Having destroyed four inimical karmas, they realize pure self. Arihants are also called kevalins as they possess kevala jnana. An arihant is also called a jina ("victor"). At the end of their life, arihants destroy remaining karmas and attain moksha (liberation) and become siddhas. Arihantas have a body while siddhas are bodiless pure spirit. The Ṇamōkāra mantra, the fundamental prayer dedicated to Pañca-Parameṣṭhi, begins with Ṇamō arihantāṇaṁ, "obeisance to the arihants".

Philosophy
According to Jain texts, omniscience is attained on the destruction of four types of karmas– deluding, the knowledge-obscuring, the perception-obscuring, and the obstructive karmas, in the order mentioned. The arihants are said to be free from the following eighteen imperfections: • janma – (re)birth • jarā – old-age • triśā – thirst • kśudhā – hunger • vismaya – astonishment • arati – displeasure • kheda – regret • roga – sickness • śoka – grief • mada – pride • moha – delusion • bhaya – fear • nidrā – sleep • cintā – anxiety • sveda – perspiration • rāga – attachment • dveśa – aversion • maraņa – death Omniscience In Jainism, omniscience is said to be the infinite, all-embracing knowledge that reflects, as it were, in a mirror, all substances and their infinite modes, extending through the past, the present, and the future. According to Jain texts, omniscience is the natural attribute of the pure souls. The self-attaining omniscience becomes a kevalin. Pandit Banarasidas in Samaysaar Natak describes the Omniscient soul as: Meaning: The omniscient Lord has perfect, complete knowledge. He does have a physical form but has separated himself from his material body. From his heart-type of lake, a river has come out in the form of spiritual preachings and has merged into the ocean of holy scriptures. Therefore, such doctrines are called the ultimate truth, encompassing infinite partial points of view. The aspirant souls end up recognising such principles. The foolish, wrong-faithed persons fail to identify such truth. May such Omniscient knowledge of Arihants be victorious in the universe! The four infinitudes (ananta cātuṣṭaya) are: • ananta jñāna, infinite knowledge • ananta darśana, perfect perception due to the destruction of all darśanāvaraṇīya karmas • ananta sukha, infinite bliss • ananta vīrya – infinite energy == Tirthankaras ==
Tirthankaras
Those arihants who re-establish the Jain faith are called tirthankaras. Tirthankaras revitalize the sangha, the fourfold order consisting of male saints (sādhus), female saints (sādhvis), male householders (śrāvaka) and female householders (srāvika). The first tirthankara of the current time cycle was Ṛṣabhanātha, and the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara was Mahavira, who lived from 599 BCE to 527 BCE. (divine preaching hall) where omniscient Arihantas preach Jain texts mention forty-six attributes of arihants or tirthankaras. These attributes comprise four infinitudes (ananta chatushtaya), thirty-four miraculous happenings (atiśaya), and eight splendours (prātihārya). The eight splendours (prātihārya) are: • aśokavrikśa – the Ashoka treesiṃhāsana– bejeweled throne • chatra – three-tier canopy • bhāmadal – halo of unmatched luminance • divya dhvani – divine voice of the Lord without lip movement • puśpavarśā – shower of fragrant flowers • camara – waving of sixty-four majestic hand-fans • dundubhi – dulcet sound of kettle-drums and other musical instruments == Liberation ==
Liberation
At the time of nirvana (final release), the arihant sheds off the remaining four aghati karmas: • Nama (physical structure forming) karma • Gotra (status forming) karma • Vedniya (pain and pleasure causing) karma • Ayushya (life span determining) karma These four karmas do not affect the true nature of the soul and are therefore called aghati karmas. == Worship ==
Worship
of King Khāravela at Udayagiri Caves, second century BCE, starts with Namokar Mantra In the Ṇamōkāra mantra, Namo Arihantanam, Namo Siddhanam, Jains worship the arihants first and then the siddhas, even though the latter are perfected souls who have destroyed all karmas, but arihants are considered to be at a higher spiritual stage than siddhas. Since siddhas have attained ultimate liberation, they are unlikely to be directly accessible, but may be accessed through the wisdom they passed on. However arihants are accessible for the spiritual guidance of human society until their nirvana. The Dravyasaṃgraha, a major Jain text, states: ==See also==
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