Baltas trained in electrical and mechanical engineering at the
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) from 1962 to 1967 before going on to complete a doctorate in theoretical physics under at
University of Paris XI in 1971. His thesis title was
La Neutrino-Production des Résonances Baryoniques dans le Modèle des Quarks ("Neutrino Production of Baryonic Resonances in the Quark Model"). In 1982, he returned to NTUA to become a lecturer at the Department of Physics. He was appointed assistant professor of philosophy and methodology of physics at NTUA in 1984, then associate professor of the philosophy of science in 1992 and professor in 2002. Other philosophers studied by Baltas include
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Friedrich Nietzsche,
Baruch Spinoza,
Jacques Derrida,
John McDowell, and
Walter Benjamin. In December 2010, he received the Xanthopoulos–Pneumatikos Award for Excellence in Academic Teaching. ==Political career==