In Germany in 1796, he was the commander of
Landau on 16 April. He repelled an attack in October 1796 by
Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze, then later defended the fortifications of
Kehl until its surrender in early 1797. Subsequently, he was appointed Commander in Chief of Engineering of the Rhine Army, he served at the crossing of the
Rhine River at Kehl until 20 April 1797. He was then successively appointed commander of Army engineering in Germany, the commander of engineers in the
Army of the Danube 7 March 1799, and then commander of Army engineers of the joint
Army of Helvetia and the Army of the Danube under
Andre Massena on 30 April 1799. He served in the
Swiss campaign until the peace of 1801, and later in the
War of the Third Coalition. Subsequently, he fought in the
Peninsular War, He was often described as
Napoleon's
Vauban. He died at Castle Chaslay near
Montoire Loir-et-Cher on 25 December 1832. His name is on the east side of the
Arc de Triomphe. ==See also==