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Armstrong Whitworth Argosy

The Armstrong Whitworth Argosy was a three-engine biplane airliner designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft. It was the company's first airliner.

Design and development
Background The origins of the A.W.154 Argosy can be heavily attributed to the release of a specification by the British airline Imperial Airways in 1922. In order to achieve this, Imperial Airways would need to procure replacement aircraft for much of its fleet, which largely consisted of aging single-engine de Havilland-built aircraft which Imperial Airways had inherited from its constituent companies, such as Daimler Airway. Into production s on the engine (engine cowling). Upon reviewing the submission, Imperial Airways decided that the proposed airliner would be suitable for its European routes, and promptly issued an initial order for two aircraft; an additional single aircraft was also ordered by the Air Ministry. These later aircraft were designated as Argosy Mk. II and were fitted with more powerful Jaguar IVA engines, an increased fuel capacity and the addition of automatic wingtip slots. The first Argosy Mk. II version was introduced to service during 1929. ==Operational history==
Operational history
The Argosy was initially used on European routes with each aircraft named after a city. Later services to South Africa were added. The first passenger flight was from London to Paris on 16 July 1926. Imperial Airways were keen to demonstrate the capabilities and potential uses for their new airliner with its interior being considerably more spacious than any of its rivals. The introduction of the Argosy led to a rapid expansion in passenger numbers being carried by the airline that started within weeks. Imperial Airways used the Argosy to launch the world's first named air service, the luxury 'Silver Wing' service, which was operated between London and Paris. Aircraft assigned to this service would have two of their seats removed, the space being used to accommodate an onboard bar and a steward was in attendance. During April 1931, Edward, Prince of Wales and his brother Prince George flew home from Paris–Le Bourget Airport in City of Glasgow (G-EBLF), which landed specially in Windsor Great Park. Starting in 1929, the timing having been largely due to protracted international negotiations, the Argosy was one of the aircraft used on the first air mail route of the British Empire, spanning from London to Karachi, India. Following the arrival of the Argosy Mk IIs during 1929, Imperial Airways opted to have the three Mk Is reengined with the same powerplants to boost their performance. On 28 February 1931, two of these reengined Argosies were used to launch the air mail route through to Cape Town, South Africa; this route proved to be particularly troublesome for the type with low reliability levels being achieved, and left the European routes somewhat underequipped in the process. Three Argosies were lost during service with Imperial Airways, one being written off in a forced landing near Aswan, and one during a training accident, both in 1931, with no injuries in either accident. On 28 March 1933, the City of Liverpool caught fire over Belgium, causing a crash in which all three crew and twelve passengers were killed. Argosies continued in service with Imperial Airways until 1935, with the last example, City of Manchester (G-AACJ), being used for joy-riding by United Airways Ltd of Stanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool), which later was merged into British Airways Ltd. It continued in use with British Airways until December 1936. ==Variants==
Variants
Argosy Mk I : Powered by three 385 hp (287 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IIIA radial piston engines. Later fitted with Jaguar IVA engines. Three constructed. • Argosy Mk II : Powered by three 420 hp (313 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IVA radial piston engines. Four constructed. ==Operators==
Operators
; • British Airways LtdImperial AirwaysUnited Airways Ltd ==Imperial Airways Argosy fleet 1926–1935==
Imperial Airways Argosy fleet 1926–1935
==Specifications (Argosy II)==
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