The ancient city of Arpinum dates back to at least the 7th century BC. Connected with the
Pelasgi, the
Volsci and
Samnite people, it was captured by the
Romans and granted
civitas sine suffragio in 305 BC. The city received voting rights in Roman elections in 188 BC and the status of a
municipium in 90 BC after the
Social War. The town produced both
Gaius Marius and
Marcus Tullius Cicero, who were
homines novi (people without ancestors who had held the
consulship). Cicero, in speeches before the courts in Rome, would later praise his hometown's contributions to the republic when attacked as a "foreigner", for Arpinum had twice borne men to save the Republic: Marius against the Cimbric invaders of 101 BC and Cicero himself against the
Second Catilinarian conspiracy. Cicero in letters to his friend Atticus referred often to the peace and quiet of his beloved Arpinum. There is an oral tradition that persists to this day that
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was also a native of Arpinum. Historians however have not been able to confirm his place of birth. Agrippa may have come from Pisae (Pisa) in Etruria. Beside the ancient town of Arpinum there are the fortified remains of a much earlier Samnite town. The high defensive walls are of the polygonal type associated historically with these people. There is an example of an arch of this type which can still be seen today. Dates are generally from the early Roman period to about 400 BC. The Stone is some times referred to as
pudding-stone but in this case it seem to be of a more sedimentary dark gray type. Arpinum, Atina, and Cominium were known Samnite strongholds. The Valle di Comino nearby is considered to be strong Samnite and subsections of the tribes home lands and the language generally spoken up to the Roman assimilations was Oscan part of the "Co" group of
Indo-European languages. In the early Middle Ages, the
Roman duchy and the
Duchy of Benevento contended for its strategic position. After the 11th century it was ruled by the
Normans, the
Hohenstaufen and by the
Papal States. It was destroyed twice; in 1229 by
Frederick II and in 1242 by
Conrad IV. The
castrato sopranist Gioacchino Conti, known as
Il Gizziello or
heb ceilliau, was born in Arpino in 1714. ==Main sights==