• Dean of the publication faculty,
Padjajaran University,
Bandung (1971–1975) • Adjunct Professor, Communications and Developmental Sociology,
University of Indonesia (1976–2006) • Head of the Bureau of the Study of Cultures in the
Ministry of National Development (1974–1983) • Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Development (1983–1988) • Member,
People's Consultative Assembly from
Utusan Golongan (1987–1992) • Member, PDKB DPR/MPR faction (2002) • Member, Kesatuan Bangsa Kebangsaan Indonesia (F-KKI) faction (2002–2004) • Adjunct Professor, in the post graduate program (S-2 dan S-3) -
University of Indonesia,
Jakarta;
Sahid University,
Jakarta; and
Hasannudin University,
Makassar ==Family==