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Athyma ranga

Athyma ranga, the blackvein sergeant, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in south-west India, Cambodia and parts of Southeast Asia.

Description
Upperside: Male velvety black, female very dark brown, suffused with bluish in certain lights. The dry-season form has the ground colour above dark brown in both sexes and the markings broader and sullied white; on the underside the ground colour is distinctly ochraceous brown. ==Distribution==
Distribution
Sikkim; Bhutan; hills of Assam, Burma and Tenasserim. Found also in southern India, Western Ghats and the Nilgiris. at Silent Valley National Park ==Life history==
Life history
Larva "In form the larva was exactly similar to that of Limenitis (Moduza) procris. ...; in colour it was green, with a whitish band round the 9th segment. Its habits were also like those of L. procris, but not quite the same. It selected one of the side nerves of a leaf and ate away the soft parts on each side till the bare nerve stood out; then having barricaded the approach to this with fragments of leaf which it had contrived to cut off in feeding, mixed with excrement and silk, it rested motionless on the very point of the rib unapproachable by ants or spiders. After the last moult it gave up these habits and rested on the upperside of a leaf, where it was conspicuous enough. We infer that the worst enemies of this species- are not birds or parasites but small spiders and predaceous insects." (Davidson & Aitken) '' Pupa Of the most brilliant silver colour, the segments and parts being outlined in brown. It is suspended perpendicularly; abdominal segments slender, the thoracic region larger and expanded laterally; two long sharp horns issuing from the sides of the head and at first parallel, diverge and point laterally; on the back there are two prominent processes curved towards each other, and many small points and tubercles. (Davidson & Aitken) Food plantsOlea dioicaChionanthus mala-elengiLigustrum lucidumLigustrum sinense ==References==
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