Atrina pectinata

A. pectinata are patchy with small clusters. There are two physical morphs of A. pectinata: scaly and smooth, as a result of how the shells develop. Recent research suggests that the two morphs are different enough for them to be taxonomically distinguishable. == Distribution ==

A. pectinata is widely located in the Indo-West Pacific. However, some genetic differentiation can be seen between the South China Sea population and that off the coast of Guangxi in the Gulf of Tonkin. In Korea, the shellfish is located in ocean depths of 20 to 50 m in muddy areas. Other sources of commercial distribution include Mikawa Bay and the Seto Inland Sea, and Saga. The species name has long been misapplied to the European species Atrina fragilis, following a synonymization in the 1812 edition of British Zoology by Thomas Pennant. However, this has been deemed erroneous. == Development ==

A suspension study of A. pectinata showed that in artificial habitats, gonad development occurred at the same time for both male and female pen shells and corresponded to warming water temperatures and increased food availability. A. pectinata is a broadcast spawner with external fertilization. Spawning occurs after gonad development during the period from May to September and expended gonads are ejected in the fall. Spawning is often triggered by environmental cues such as temperature. 1.6% of spawning individuals are hermaphroditic. A. pectinata has a pelagic larval phase that lasts about 30 days and mean fecundities of 29 million eggs per year, which suggests high dispersal potential. == Conservation ==

: , prepared for consumption as part of a tray of sashimi (bottom middle) A. pectinata population has decreased rapidly since 1990 as a result of overfishing, habitat loss from coastal development, pollution, etc. However, an effort to preserve this species has been made by aquaculture development. This species serves as a commercial value, especially in the country of Korea. It serves great purpose in Korean fisheries. The shellfish was also desired for its taste for several years before its decline in the 1990s. A. pectinata mortality events in 2003 and 2004 reveal that the southwestern Japan population suffered from necrosis in their gills and kidneys not caused by known pathogenic agents. The presence of particles resembling viral matter in the necrotic tissue may hint at an unknown viral agent that can trigger mass mortality events. These mass mortality events are a part of a long decline in the population off the southern coast of Japan. In an effort to conserve the shellfish species, microsatellite markers have been used to access the genetic variability and differentiation of A. pectinata. Only one finding has shown that microsatellite markers were able to find genetic differentiation among the wild and hatchery population in Korea. However, more sources need to confirm the genetic information and diversity of the pen shell in order to conserve the species. ==References==