• Archie Shepp -
tenor saxophone (1, 6, 8, 10) and
soprano saxophone (3, 5, 9) • Brass and reed section on tracks 1, 6, 9 and 10 •
Clifford Thornton -
cornet • Roy Burrows, Charles McGhee, Michael Ridley -
trumpet •
Charles Greenlee, Charles Stephens,
Kiane Zawadi -
trombone • Hakim Jami -
euphonium • Clarence White -
alto saxophone •
Roland Alexander, Billy Robinson - tenor saxophone • James Ware -
baritone saxophone • String section on tracks 1, 3, 5, and 8–10 •
John Blake,
Leroy Jenkins,
Lakshinarayana Shankar -
violin •
Ronald Lipscomb,
Calo Scott -
cello •
Marion Brown - alto saxophone (1, 6),
bamboo flute (3),
flute (4),
percussion (3–5) •
Walter Davis, Jr. -
electric piano (1, 6),
piano (6, 8–10) •
Dave Burrell - electric piano (3, 5) •
Cornell Dupree -
guitar (1, 3, 5, 8) • Roland Wilson (1, 3, 5–6, 8),
Gerald Jemmott (1) -
Fender bass •
Jimmy Garrison -
bass (3–5, 9, 10) •
Beaver Harris (1, 3, 5–6, 8) -
drums •
Ollie Anderson, Nene DeFense,
Juma Sultan - percussion (1, 6, 10) • Vocals •
Henry Hull (1, 8),
Joe Lee Wilson (3, 5) -
vocals •
William Kunstler (2, 7), Bartholomew Gray (4) -
narrator •
Joshie Armstead, Albertine Robertson -
backing vocals (1) • Featured exclusively on tracks 9 and 10, written by
Cal Massey • Romulus Franceschini -
conductor and co-arranger • Cal Massey -
fluegelhorn (10) • Waheeda Massey - vocals (10) •
Billy Higgins - drums == References ==