Chaillou is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:Antoine-Jean Amelot de Chaillou (1732–1795), French politician Auguste Chaillou (1866–1915), French biologist and physician Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou (1689–1749), French politician Narcisse Chaillou (1835–1916), French painter Timothée Chaillou, French art curator and critic