Austro-Hungarian ownership built by STT for the
Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1911 Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino had its origins in a private shipyard founded by Gaspare Tonello at San Marco on the coastline west of Trieste, in 1838. In 1857 the shipyard was merged with a local manufacturer of
marine engines to become STT. A second shipyard was also acquired, at San Rocco near the town of
Muggia just south of Trieste. STT was the largest and most important shipbuilder in the
Austrian Empire and its successor state, the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The company built most of the
Austro-Hungarian Navy's
capital ships, as well as many
merchant vessels. In the 1860s and 1870s, STT built five of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's seven
centre-battery ships (a forerunner of the
battleship), as well as a number of
ironclads,
cruisers,
frigates and
corvettes. Between 1884 and 1914, the company built 13 of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's 16 battleships, including all three battleships of the , all three of the , and three of the four . It also built the three
coastal defence battleships of the . In 1909
Rudolf Montecuccoli, chief of the
Austro-Hungarian Navy, pressured STT (together with
Škoda) to start work on two dreadnoughts, and , even though approval of the budget for them was held up in the Austro-Hungarian Reichstag who was concerned about Italy and France embarking on dreadnought projects of their own. Montecuccoli was compelled to resort to an intricate web of propaganda and deception to camouflage the fact that the new ships did not have Reichstag approval. He asserted that industry was financing the construction of two dreadnoughts on speculation; this was completely untrue, and both STT and Skoda were extremely nervous about the subterfuge. In the event, the two ships could not be laid down until after Montecuccoli took an expensive 32 million crown credit in 1910 upon his own responsibility. The parliamentary approval was only granted in March 1911, when the dreadnoughts were already under construction. STT then also got the contract for the . By 1914, the San Rocco shipyard had five
slipways of between 350 and 500 feet (three of which served to construct battleships) as well as a 350-foot
dry dock and a 400-foot floating dock. The company had its own plant in Muggia for the manufacturer of engines and boilers, and a licence from the
United Kingdom to produce
Parsons steam turbines. In the years prior to World War I, the company's workforce had been gradually expanded from 2,700 to approximately 3,200. Following Italy's entry into World War I against the
Central Powers (which included Austria-Hungary), STT was stripped of its Italian name and given the patriotic German name
Austriawerft. Austriawerft was contracted to build two new battleships during the war, but these were cancelled in 1915, probably due to the company's loss of skilled workers, most of whom were Italian.
Two submarines contracted to the company later in the war also had to be cancelled due to the lack of experienced submarine technicians.
Italian ownership After the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up at the close of
World War I, the region of Trieste was ceded to Italy and Austriawerft became an Italian firm, whereupon its original name, Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, was restored. During the 1920s, STT built the heavy cruiser for the Italian navy, and the luxury
commercial liner . In 1929, STT merged with another Italian company,
Cantieri Navale Triestino based at
Monfalcone, to form
Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico (CRDA) (United Shipbuilders of the Adriatic), and the STT component was named
CRDA Trieste. CRDA Trieste built a number of
light and
heavy cruisers for the
Regia Marina Italia (Royal Italian Navy) between the wars, as well as some 27 submarines. The ocean liner was also constructed there in 1932. During the
Second World War, CRDA Trieste built two battleships for the Regia Marina, and . CRDA Trieste survived the postwar shakeup in the shipbuilding industry and went on to build several more commercial liners in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as a few naval vessels. In 1984, CRDA was sold to the
Fincantieri Group, and its Trieste shipyards were no longer considered important ship construction or repair facilities. However, as of 2000, the shipyards still retained three dry docks capable of serving ships up to 25,000, 35,000 and 170,000 tons respectively. ==Production==