(formerly the chapel of the
Royal Palace of Milan), was sculpted by
Giovanni di Balduccio and his workshop. The relief on it shows
Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian investing Azzone Visconti as imperial vicar. The monument was dismantled during the neoclassical reconstruction of the church, and rebuilt in modern times in the way we can see it now; however several parts of it had been meanwhile lost. Born in
Ferrara, he was the sole legitimate son of
Galeazzo I Visconti and
Beatrice d'Este. In 1322 he was lord of
Piacenza, but in the same year, together with his father, was forced to flee. In 1325, Azzone commanded troops at the battles of
Altopascio and
Zappolino, both victories over the
Guelphs. In 1327, his father Galeazzo and all of the other leading members of the Visconti family were arrested under suspicion of assassinating Galeazzo's younger brother Stefano. Their territories were confiscated by the Emperor, and local families took control of many cities that had long been tied to the Viscontis. Milan itself was ruled by a new Imperial appointee and a council that was hostile to the Viscontis. Therefore, when Galeazzo died later that year, Visconti power was at a low point. Azzone immediately became involved in a struggle with his uncle Marco for control of Milan. In 1329, with the support of another uncle,
Giovanni, he bought the title of imperial vicar of Milan from the emperor
Louis IV for 60,000 (or 125,000)
florins. (At the same time, Giovanni was appointed to several high offices by Nicholas V, the Imperial antipope.) Azzone paid only 12,000 of the promised florins, the feeble Louis being unable to force the payment. In the same years, Marco was killed and Azzone was named as one of the assassins, but he was never condemned. This maneuver drew the ire of
Pope John XXII, who excommunicated Azzone, placed the city of Milan under
interdict, and threatened an invasion by his French allies. Under this pressure, Azzone was forced to submit to the Pope and renounce his Imperial vicariate, although he did retain political power within Milan, and on 15 March 1330 he was appointed signore of Milan. In 1331, Azzone married
Catherine of Savoy-Vaud, daughter of
Louis II of Vaud. In the August of the same year he allied with
Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat, against King
Robert of Anjou, in order to capture his possessions in north-western Italy. In 1332 he also conquered
Bergamo and
Pizzighettone, continuing in 1335 with
Lodi,
Crema and other Lombardy lands who had ceded themselves to the Papal States, as well as
Vercelli and
Cremona. By February 1339, Azzone was suffering from gout. Faced with a revolt by
Lodrisio Visconti, who had hired a company of mercenary troops, he had Luchino Visconti command the Milanese army. Lodrisio was defeated by the Milanese at the
battle of Parabiago and imprisoned in the castle of
San Colombano al Lambro. Azzone died 16 August 1339 of a gout attack, and was buried in the church of
San Gottardo, which he had commissioned some years before. He had no male heirs (having had only a daughter, Luchina) and was succeeded as lord of Milan by Giovanni and another uncle,
Luchino. Besides his political and military career, he is remembered for his great construction works in Milan and other cities of Lombardy. ==Notes==