Baigongguan and Zhazidong

Sino-American Cooperation Organization (SACO) The China and United States signed a SACO treaty which created the Sino-American Cooperation Organization (SACO) during World War II. The treaty established an intelligence-gathering entity that was mutual in China, especially among countries that were opposed to Japan. SACO was in a joint operation in China with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the Intelligence Agency of America and the CIA. Until this came into effect, it served as a joint training program between the United States of America and China. Dai Li was the chief of operation of this organization, head of the Bureau of Investigations and Statistics and Head of the Secret Police for Chiang Kai-shek. General Dai was a fierce anti-communist. He was also in charge of command for the Loyal Patriotic Army (LPA), a large Japanese military force that had occupied China's interior region. Milton E. "Mary" Miles was the commander of American forces, as well as a Navy Captain. Mary Miles became a Vice Admiral later; he was the commander of Naval Group China (NGC). This was the intelligence unit of the American Navy in China during the period of war. SACO began setting up camps in 1943. These camps were later referred to as units during the establishment of the Naval Group China. These were units for training guerrillas of China in small arms, sabotage, demolition, radio handling, and combat techniques, aerology, and ship and aircraft recognition. Of all missions during war period that was set up by the Americans in China, the policy of Total Immersion was only applied by SACO with the Chinese. The route from China to Burma was operated by the Rice Paddy Navy, or the "Hell Gang". The Communists took over and after many years, SACO was linked with revolution atrocities and imperial foreign aggression; the US was suspected to have been involved. The incidents of torture and massacre were memorialized by the Chinese government during which US involvement was mentioned. ==Baigongguan==

Of the two concentration camps, Baigongguan served as the KMT's base of operations. It was designed to hold a hundred prisoners; despite prisoners being killed on a regular basis, the camp was chronically overcrowded. On November 28, 1949, orders were sent to execute all prisoners in ground level cells. ==Zhazidong==

Prior to serving as a concentration camp, Zhazidong was used as a coal mine. Converted to a prison, Zhazidong held over three hundred prisoners; sixteen barracks for men and two barracks for women. Zhazidong had rooms for guides and officers who were mandated to execute different assignments assigned to them. Jiang Zhuyun was among the few to escape the prison. She was portrayed in the opera Sister Jiang. The November 28, 1949 incident saw most communists slaughtered. However, there were those who managed to escape these killings, about 15 of the prisoners. ==Dai Li's control ==

General Dai Li was the commander in charge of the camps. Dai used internal problems within the KMT to justify his actions to the public. With the help of the United States Dai Li was able to gain knowledge on interrogation tactics from the FBI. He then incorporated these tactics into the camps with the aid of supplies the United States had left after the end of World War II in 1945. Dai also acquired two thousand agents. ==Depictions in art and literature==

Luo Guangbin, Lui Debin, and Yang Yiyan, survivors of Baigongguan and Zhazidong, wrote a novel based on their experiences, which went on to become popular among the Chinese. Published in 1961, the Red Crag discussed party consolidation, party rectification, higher education, and fighting capacity. ==References==