The school opened in 1952. The magnet program was established in 1991, after Bailey's
parent–teacher association (PTA), under President
Richard Kurin, threatened to sue the school board to redraw the school boundaries, hoping to bring academic, linguistic, and cultural diversity to a school with a high percentage of non-native English speakers (87% in 1991). To attract students outside of the area, the school's educational program focused on the arts, science, and technology. In 1997,
Bill Clinton's
One America Initiative Advisory Board on Race commissioned a case study, "Bailey's Elementary: Educational Strategies for Making Diversity an Asset", calling the school "an educational, social and cultural haven for students from all backgrounds", as quoted by journalist
Peter Baker. Bailey's science teacher Lynn Riggs was selected Teacher of the Year in Fairfax County in 2006. Under the 2010 FCPS budget cuts, the Magnet transportation buses that brought out-of-boundary Bailey's students to school was proposed for elimination, to save approximately $100,000. The PTA protested that this would lead to a loss of magnet families, which would in turn damage the school's diversity. In April 2009, the FCPS school board decided to maintain the magnet transportation. A second campus opened for the 2014-15 school year in a converted five-floor office building, to house Grades 3, 4, and 5 (the "Upper" school), and relieve overcrowding at the original building. The Upper School is located at 6245 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, 1.4 miles from the original building at 6111 Knollwood Drive, which continues to house grades K-2. == Educational programs ==