Literary history The Life and Adventures of Bampfylde Moore Carew was first published in 1745. Although it states that the contents were "noted by himself during his passage to America" and it is likely that facts were supplied by Carew, the author was probably
Robert Goadby, a printer in
Sherborne,
Dorset, who published an early edition in 1749. It has been suggested that Carew dictated his memoirs to Mrs Goadby. The
Life continued to be a best seller throughout the next hundred years in numerous editions as books and
chapbooks. He became a nationally known character, appealing to a provincial audience. One edition of the
Life was printed in
Hull in 1785. How much of the
Life is true is impossible now to know. Carew certainly travelled and is likely to have indulged in minor crimes, but many stories seem too fantastic or literary to be true. It appealed to the market for mild 'rogue' literature and many editions included a
canting dictionary. The public found the
Life appealing: an educated man from a good family who spent his life ingeniously and audaciously outwitting the establishment, including people who should have recognised him, and without ever doing anything really bad. Carew seemingly settled in
Bickleigh towards the end of his life. This may have been because of an offer of support from his relative, Sir Thomas Carew of Bickerton, winning a lottery, or simply age and weariness. Some editions of the
Life suggest that Carew reflected with sadness on how 'idly' he had spent his lifeperhaps making a racy story more acceptable by adding a moral ending. Carew died at
Bickleigh in 1758 (buried 28 June), leaving a daughter.
Contents Carew claims to have taken to the road after he ran away from
Blundell's School in
Tiverton. With friends, he chased a deer through fields causing damage, which caused farmers to complain to the headmaster. Carew ran away and, at an alehouse, fell in with a band of “gypsies”. (These were almost certainly not
Romany but
vagabonds living off their wits.) Carew travelled widely, at first around Devon and then around England, supporting himself by playing confidence tricks on the wealthy. His first trick involved a “Madam Musgrove”, who asked for his help in discovering treasure she believed was hidden on her land. Carew, consulting “the secrets of his arts” for a fee of 20 guineas, informed her it was under a laurel tree but that she should not seek it until a particular day and hour. Of course, by the appointed time Carew and her money were long gone. This was a well-known and documented trick from a period when
cunning folk were often consulted about lost items. Carew claimed to be a master of disguise, in which he followed the tradition of
counterfeit rogues dating back to
Thomas Harman. He masqueraded as a shipwrecked sailor (a popular way to claim
alms), a clergyman, and defrauding “Squire Portman” twice in one day, first as a rat-catcher and then a woman whose daughter had been killed in a fire (another staple of fraudulent beggars). Carew then travelled to
Newfoundland, where he stayed a short time. On his return, he pretended to be the mate of a vessel and eloped with the daughter of a respectable apothecary of
Newcastle upon Tyne, whom he afterwards married. After further years as a vagabond, he claimed to have been elected
King of the Gypsies upon the death of Clause Patch. The ceremony described reproduces one from
Thomas Harman’s
Caveat for Common Cursitors, via the popular play
Beggars' Bush by
Francis Beaumont,
John Fletcher, and
Philip Massinger in which Clause is a character. On 5 May 1739, Carew (described as ‘the noted Dog-stealer’ who upon his arraignment ‘behaved to the Justices in a most insulting manner’) was convicted of being an idle vagrant and sentenced to be transported to
Maryland. There he attempted to escape, was captured, escaped again, and fell in with friendly Indians. He travelled to
Pennsylvania, swam the
Delaware, adopted the guise of a
Quaker, and made his way to
Philadelphia and
New York City. Having embarked for England, he escaped being pressed to serve in the Navy by pricking his hands and face, and rubbing in bay salt and gunpowder, so as to simulate smallpox (such tricks were commonplaces in rogue literature). On returning to England, he claims, he found his wife and daughter and then travelled to Scotland by 1745 in time to accompany
Bonnie Prince Charlie to
Carlisle and
Derby. The trade of transporting convicts was common from the West Country ports in the 18th century as a return cargo for the tobacco trades, Bideford being one of the major centres for such imports. ==References==