About AD 300, Thaʻlaba bin ʻAmr, grand father of al-Aws, separated from his tribe and settled in
Yathrib (Medina), which was then controlled by Jewish
clans, and the Banu Qayla were subordinate to the Jews for some time, until
Mālik bin Ajlān of Khazraj asserts independence of the Jews so Aws and Khazraj obtained a share of palm trees and strongholds. and Jews retired into the background for about a century. as well as the Jewish tribe
Banū Qaynuqāʻ But a Jewish source says that they and the
Banu Khazraj were
Arab tribes from Yemen who came to Medina in the fourth century. The Jewish source says that the two tribes took the power of Medina from the Jews in the 5th century by "calling in outside assistance and treacherously massacring at a banquet". A
Shi'a source says that they had been fighting for 120 years and were enemies. The Jewish source states that they went to war against each other in the
Battle of Bu'ath a few years before the Islamic prophet
Muhammad migrated to Medina. There were many Jewish tribes in Medina:
Banu Nadir,
Banu Qurayza,
Banu Qaynuqa and 9 others, if not more, as referenced in the
Medina mutual peace and security treaty (although Qaynuqa, Nadir, and Qurayza aren't named in the treaty). Some where familial clans of larger non-Jewish Arab tribes (e.g. Banu Aws, whom took initiative to invite and provide refuge to Mohammad and his first followers thus earning 'Al-Ansar' title) while some others had non-Jewish familial clans within their tribes, and others were purely Jewish. In the battle of
Yawm al-Bu'ath, the tribes of
Banu Nadir and
Banu Qurayza fought with Banu Aws, while the tribe of
Banu Qaynuqa allied with
Banu Khazraj. The latter were defeated after a long and desperate battle. ==Hijrah==