•
Barbacoan • Northern • Awan (also known as Awa or Pasto) •
Awa Pit (also known as Cuaiquer, Coaiquer, Kwaiker, Awá, Awa, Telembi, Sindagua, Awa-Cuaiquer, Koaiker, Telembí) • Pasto–Muellama •
Pasto (also known as Past Awá) •
Muellama (also known as Muellamués, Muelyama) • Coconucan (also known as Guambiano–Totoró) •
Guambiano (also known as Mogües, Moguez, Mogés, Wam, Misak, Guambiano-Moguez, Wambiano-Mogés, Moguex) •
Totoró (also known as Polindara) •
Coconuco (also known as Kokonuko, Cauca, Wanaka) • Southern ? (Cayapa–Tsafiki) •
Caranqui (also known as Cara, Kara, Karanki, Imbaya) •
Cha’palaa (also known as Cayapa, Chachi, Kayapa, Nigua, Cha’palaachi) •
Tsafiki (also known as Colorado, Tsafiqui, Tsáfiki, Tsáchela, Tsachila, Campaz, Colima) •
Cañari-Puruhá ? •
Cañari •
Puruhá Pasto, Muellama, Coconuco, Totoró and Caranqui are now
extinct. Pasto and Muellama are usually classified as Barbacoan, but the current evidence is weak and deserves further attention. Muellama may have been one of the last surviving
dialects of Pasto (both extinct, replaced by Spanish) — Muellama is known only by a short wordlist recorded in the 19th century. The Muellama vocabulary is similar to modern Awa Pit. The
Cañari–Puruhá languages are even more poorly attested, and while often placed in a
Chimuan family, Adelaar (2004:397) thinks they may have been Barbacoan. The Coconucan languages were first connected to Barbacoan by Daniel Brinton in 1891. However, a subsequent publication by Henri Beuchat and Paul Rivet placed Coconucan together with a
Paezan family (which included
Páez and
Paniquita) due a misleading "Moguex" vocabulary list. The "Moguex" vocabulary turned out to be a mix of both Páez and Guambiano languages (Curnow 1998). This vocabulary has led to misclassifications by Greenberg (1956, 1987), Loukotka (1968), Kaufman (1990, 1994), and Campbell (1997), among others. Although Páez may be related to the Barbacoan family, a conservative view considers Páez a
language isolate pending further investigation. Guambiano is more similar to other Barbacoan languages than to Páez, and thus Key (1979), Curnow et al. (1998), Gordon (2005), and Campbell (2012) place Coconucan under Barbacoan. The
extinct Totoró is sometimes considered a dialect of Guambiano instead of a separate language, and, indeed, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) state that Guambiano-Totoró-Coconuco is best treated as a single language. The Barbácoa (Barbacoas) language itself is unattested, and is only assumed to be part of the Barbacoan family. Nonetheless, it has been assigned an ISO code, though the better-attested and classifiable Pasto language has not.
Loukotka (1968) Below is a full list of Barbacoan language varieties listed by
Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. •
Barbacoa group •
Barbácoa (of Colima) - extinct language once spoken on the
Iscuandé River and
Patia River, Nariño department, Colombia. (Unattested.) •
Pius - extinct language once spoken around the
Laguna Piusbi, in the Nariño region. (Unattested.) •
Iscuandé - extinct language once spoken on the
Iscuandé River in the Nariño region. (Unattested.) •
Tumaco - extinct language once spoken around the modern city of
Tumaco, department of Nariño. (Unattested.) •
Guapi - extinct language once spoken on the
Guapi River, department of Cauca. (Unattested.) •
Cuaiquer /
Koaiker - spoken on the
Cuaiquer River in Colombia. •
Telembi - extinct language once spoken in the Cauca region on the
Telembi River. (Andre 1884, pp. 791–799.) •
Panga - extinct language once spoken near the modern city of
Sotomayor, Nariño department. (Unattested.) •
Nulpe - extinct language once spoken in the Nariño region on the
Nulpe River. (Unattested.) •
Cayápa /
Nigua - language spoken now by a few families on the
Cayapas River, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. •
Malaba - extinct language once spoken in Esmeraldas province on the
Mataje River. (Unattested.) •
Yumbo - extinct language once spoken in the Cordillera de
Intag and the
Cordillera de Nanegal, Pichincha province, Ecuador. The population now speaks only Quechua. (Unattested.) •
Colima - extinct language once spoken on the middle course of the
Daule River, Guayas province. (Unattested.) •
Colorado /
Tsachela /
Chono /
Campaz /
Satxíla /
Colime - language still spoken on the
Daule River,
Vinces River, and
Esmeraldas River, provinces of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas and Los Ríos, Ecuador. •
Caranqui /
Cara /
Imbaya - extinct language once spoken in the province of Imbabura and on the
Guayllabamba River, Ecuador. The population now speaks Spanish or Quechua. •
Sindagua /
Malla - extinct language once spoken on the
Tapaje River,
Iscuandé River,
Mamaonde River, and
Patia River, department of Nariño, Colombia. (H. Lehmann 1949; Ortiz 1938, pp. 543–545, each only a few patronyms and toponyms.) •
Muellama - extinct language of the Nariño region, once spoken in the village of
Muellama. •
Pasta - extinct language once spoken in Carchi province, Ecuador, and in the department of Nariño in Colombia around the modern city of
Pasto, Colombia. •
Quijo - once spoken on the
Napo River and
Coca River, Oriente province, Ecuador. The tribe now speaks only Quechua. (Ordónez de Ceballos 1614, f. 141–142, only three words.) •
Mastele - extinct language once spoken on the left bank of the
Guaitara River near the mouth, department of Nariño. (Unattested.) •
Mayasquer - extinct language once spoken in the villages of
Mayasquer and
Pindical, Carchi province, Ecuador. The present population speaks only Quechua. (Unattested.) •
Coconuco group •
Coconuco - language spoken by a few families at the sources of the
Cauca River, department of Cauca, Colombia. •
Guanuco /
Guamíca - extinct language once spoken in the village of Plata Vieja in Colombia. •
Guambiana /
Silviano - spoken in the villages of Ambató, Cucha and partly in Silvia. •
Totaró - extinct language once spoken in the villages of
Totoró and
Polindara. •
Tunía - once spoken on the
Tunía River and
Ovejas River. (Unattested.) •
Chesquio - extinct language once spoken on the
Sucio River. (Unattested.) •
Patia - once spoken between the
Timbío River and
Guachicono River. (Unattested.) •
Quilla - original and extinct language of the villages of
Almaguer, Santiago, and Milagros. The present population speaks only a dialect of Quechua. (Unattested.) •
Timbío - once spoken on the
Timbío River. (Unattested.) •
Puracé - once spoken around the
Laguna de las Papas and
Puracé Volcano. (Unattested.) •
Puben /
Pubenano /
Popayan - extinct language of the plains of
Popayán, department of Cauca. (Unattested.) •
Moguex - spoken in the village of Quisgó and in a part of the village of Silvia. ==Proto-language== Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions and reflexes (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998): : ==See also==