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Bauhinia × blakeana

Bauhinia × blakeana, commonly called the Hong Kong orchid tree, is a hybrid leguminous tree of the genus Bauhinia. It has large thick leaves and striking purplish red flowers. The fragrant, orchid-like flowers are usually 10 to 15 centimetres across, and bloom from early November to the end of March. Although now cultivated in many areas, it originated in Hong Kong in 1880 and apparently all of the cultivated trees derive from one cultivated at the Hong Kong Botanical Gardens and widely planted in Hong Kong starting in 1914. It is referred to as bauhinia in non-scientific literature though this is the name of the genus. It is sometimes called the Hong Kong orchid. In Hong Kong, it is most commonly referred to by its Chinese name of 洋紫荊 (yèuhng jígīng).

History
This tree was discovered in around 1880 by a French Catholic Missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions (MEP), near the ruins of a house above the shore-line of western Hong Kong island near Pok Fu Lam and propagated to the formal botanical gardens in Victoria/Central. Dunn named the tree for "Sir Henry and Lady Blake", the former being Sir Henry Blake, British Governor of Hong Kong, from 1898 to 1903. Sir Henry and Lady Blake were thus thanked for their promotion of the Hong Kong Botanic Gardens. Dunn's description was based on the trees in the Hong Kong Botanical Gardens, which had been grown from cuttings taken from trees cultivated in the French Mission at Pokfulam, on the west coast of Hong Kong Island, which in turn were derived from a tree (or trees) found nearby. As far as is known, all the French Mission cuttings were taken from a single tree, so all Hong Kong orchid trees today would be clones of the original tree. Dr Lawrence Ramsden of the University of Hong Kong’s Department of Botany estimates that this clonal origin would mean that B. × blakeana could be susceptible to decimation by epidemics, though it has so far avoided major diseases. In order to avoid the susceptibility of B. × blakeana to diseases due to the lack of genetic diversity from the current clones of a single B. × blakeana tree back in 1880s, efforts should be made to re-hybridise the parental species of B. × blakeana, ie, crossing B. purpurea and B. variegata to generate new hybrid specimens of B. × blakeana instead to add new genetic materials to the current stock of B. × blakeana. To solve the mystery of Hong Kong Bauhinia's parentage a community crowdfunded Bauhinia Genome project was launched in 2015, finally completing the genome and determing the maternal and parenal species in 2025. ==Usage as an emblem==
Usage as an emblem
of Hong Kong by the Urban Council in 1965. in 1979. The council was abolished on 31 December 1999. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China in 1997. Since 1997 the flower appears on Hong Kong's coat of arms, its flag and its coins; its Chinese name has also been frequently shortened as 紫荊/紫荆 (洋 yáng means 'foreign' in Chinese, and this would be deemed inappropriate by the PRC government), although 紫荊/紫荆 refers to another genus called Cercis. A statue of the plant has been erected in Golden Bauhinia Square in Hong Kong. Although the flowers are bright pinkish purple in colour, they are depicted in white on the Flag of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Airlines uses BAUHINIA as its callsign. The endemic plant of Hong Kong was introduced to Taiwan in 1967. In 1984 it was chosen to be the city flower of Chiayi City, in southwestern Taiwan. ==Gallery==
Gallery
File:Tree I IMG 2075.jpg|Tree in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. File:Flowers I IMG 2101.jpg|Flowers in Kolkata File:Leaf I MG 2069.jpg|Leaf in Kolkata File:Flower buds I IMG 2064.jpg|Flower buds in Kolkata File:Bark I IMG 2073.jpg|Bark in Kolkata File:Bauhinia × blakeana.jpg|flower in Ajmiriganj, Sylhet, Bangladesh ==References==
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