A large medieval oil press, about 10 x 35 meters, was recorded NW of the village in 1947 by representatives from the
Palestine Antiquities Department. The representative thought it was from the
Ayyubid or
Crusader era, later examination of surviving pictures by D. Pringle determined them to be from the Crusader era. It has since been destroyed.
Ottoman era In 1838 Beit Mahsir is noted as a Muslim village, located in the District of Beni Malik, west of Jerusalem. An
Ottoman village list from about 1870 found 50 houses and a population of 130, though that population count included men only. In 1883, the
PEF's
Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Beit Mahsir as "a village of moderate size, standing on a hill at the end of the higher spurs overlooking the lower hills on the west. It has olives to the north and a spring to the north-east." In 1892, P. Baldensperger recounted a story about the 'Ajami of Beit Mahsir, "whose lands were mixed with the village lands, [he] killed several animals which were on his lands. The people thought it was enemies who did it, and one evening they hid themselves, and saw the rider, [..] He asked them what they wanted, and they told him: 'If thou art the 'Ajami, show us thy lands.' The next morning he had shown them by a boundary line all around his lands, and since then, nobody interferes with his grounds. A camel which was feeding on an olive tree was found hanged between its branches; and at another time a jackal was found standing dead with a candle in its mouth at the door of the
Makam. Thus the 'Ajami punishes man and beast for going on, or taking anything from his grounds." Baldensperger later recounted the meeting with a
Dervish who had stayed "with 'Ajami" (apparently a mythical creature) at the 'Ajami shrine above Bayt Mahsir. In 1896 the population of
Bet Mahsir was estimated to be about 258 persons.
British Mandate era In the
1922 census of Palestine, during the early
British Mandate of Palestine period, there were 1,367 villagers, all Muslims, increasing in the
1931 census to 1,920 Muslims, in 445 houses. In the
1944–45 statistics, the village had a population of 2,400 Muslims, while 77 dunams were built-up (urban) Arab land. Bayt Mahsir had three schools; two schools for boys and an elementary school for girls. Bayt Mahsir contains a number of khirbat, including al-Huwaytiyya, al-Masi, Khatula and al-Sallam. The villagers took pride in the fact that the last
imam of its
mosque, Shaykh Khalil As'ad, was a graduate of
Al-Azhar University in Cairo. During the April–May fighting in the Jerusalem Corridor (operations '
Nachshon', '
Harel', '
Yevusi' and '
Maccabi'),
Palmach units more or less systematically levelled
Qastal,
Qalunya and
Khulda, and largely or partly destroyed the villages of
Beit Surik,
Biddu,
Shuafat,
Beit Iksa, Bayt Mahsir and
Sheikh Jarrah. Bayt Mahsir was depopulated on May 10–May 11, 1948, after a military assault by Yishuv forces. Two days later, on May 13, Israeli troops contaminated the village wells with a
biological warfare agent consisting of
typhus and
diphtheria bacteria, as part of a programme to render Palestinian resettlement impossible and ensure 'the destruction of its ability to constitute an economic and military base for enemy forces surrounding the road.' In August 1948, the new
Israeli leadership started finalising plans for resettling Bayt Mahsir land. In 1992 Palestinian historian
Walid Khalidi noted that some houses from Bayt Mahsir were still standing in the
moshav of
Beit Meir, identifying two large homes built of limestone that were larger than those built after 1948. He also noted that "The remains of a flour mill, a metal machine with flywheels fitted over a stone structure, can still be seen. There is a wild forest of old trees on the eastern edge of the village site, on top of the mountain. The tomb of al-'Ajami, together with other graves, are among the trees." The representative from the
Palestine Antiquities Department dated it to the 17th century in 1947, a date which Petersen found "not inconsistent" with the architecture of the building. Two books have been published about Bayt Mahsir, one in 1988, and one in 2002. ==Gallery==