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Bernalillo County, New Mexico

Bernalillo County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 676,444. The county seat, Albuquerque, is the most populous city in New Mexico. Bernalillo County is the central county of the Albuquerque, NM Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
Bernalillo County was one of seven partidos established during Mexican rule; in 1852, within two years of the creation of the New Mexico Territory, Bernalillo became one of that territory's nine original counties. The towns of Los Ranchos de Albuquerque and Bernalillo were previously the county seats, but the capital was finally established in Albuquerque in 1883. In 1876, it absorbed Santa Ana County. In 1906, years after the Land Revision Act of 1891 provided for the setting aside of forest reserves, the parts of Bernalillo County currently known as Cibola National Forest were established as reserves. USS LST-306, a World War II tank landing ship that participated in the Allied invasion of Italy, was renamed as USS Bernalillo County in 1955. Sandia Mountain Wilderness was created in 1978 and the Petroglyph National Monument was established in June 1990. ==Geography==
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water. It is the third-smallest county in New Mexico by area. Bernalillo County is in central New Mexico, and "stretches from the East Mountain area (just east of the Sandia Mountains) to the Volcano Cliffs on the west mesa." Adjacent countiesSandoval County - north • Santa Fe County - east • Torrance County - east • Valencia County - south • Cibola County - west National protected areasCibola National Forest (part) • El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail (part) • Petroglyph National Monument ==Demographics==
Demographics
2020 census As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 676,444. The median age was 38.9 years, with 21.1% of residents under the age of 18 and 17.5% aged 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The racial makeup of the county was 52.2% White, 3.2% Black or African American, 5.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 14.9% from some other race, and 21.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 48.7% of the population. 96.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 4.0% lived in rural areas. There were 279,298 households in the county, of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 30.5% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. There were 299,451 housing units, of which 6.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 61.7% were owner-occupied and 38.3% were renter-occupied; the homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%. The population density was . There were 284,234 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 69.4% white, 4.8% American Indian, 3.0% black or African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 16.0% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 47.9% of the population. • 27.6% Mexican • 18.5% Spanish • 11.6% German • 8.5% Irish • 7.6% English • 3.4% Italian • 2.6% American • 2.3% French • 1.9% Scottish • 1.7% Scotch-Irish • 1.7% Polish • 1.3% Norwegian • 1.2% Swedish • 1.1% Dutch Of the 266,000 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.3% were non-families, and 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 35.8 years. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 556,678 people, 220,936 households, and 141,178 families living in the county, making Bernalillo the most populous county in the state. The population density was . There were 239,074 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 70.75% White, 2.77% Black or African American, 4.16% Native American, 1.93% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 16.07% from other races, and 4.22% from two or more races. 41.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 220,936 households, out of which 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.00% were married couples living together, 12.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.10% were non-families. 28.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06. In the county, 25.30% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.30% was from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 11.50% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $38,788, and the median income for a family was $46,613. Males had a median income of $33,720 versus $26,318 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,790. About 10.20% of families and 13.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.90% of those under age 18 and 9.10% of those age 65 or over. ==Politics==
Politics
County commission County offices New Mexico Senate CongressionalMelanie Stansbury (D) is the representative for the 1st Congressional District. • Gabe Vasquez (D) is the representative for the 2nd Congressional District. Presidential In presidential elections prior to 1992, Bernalillo County primarily voted for Republican Party candidates, supporting only three Democratic candidates in six elections total. (Franklin D. Roosevelt four times, Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson once each). From 1992 on, the county has backed Democratic Party candidates in every presidential election. While the margins were relatively narrow from 1992 to 2004, since then the county has tilted strongly Democratic similar to many urban counties nationwide. The region around Nob Hill and Downtown, which includes the University of New Mexico, is where the greatest Democratic strength in the county lies, with parts of the North Valley near the river also contributing. The Isleta Reservation in the southern strip of the county is also a highly Democratic region. The majority Hispanic South Valley, as well as Atrisco and Armijo, which have long been Democratic strongholds, have been trending strongly toward the Republican party, with several precincts flipping in the 2024 election. Republican strength in the county lies east of Tijeras, in parts of the southeast near Kirtland Air Force Base, and for a long time in much of the Northeast Heights region. This latter area showed a Democratic trend in the 2024 election. ==Communities==
Communities
A local toponymic oddity is that the town of Bernalillo, north of Albuquerque, is no longer in Bernalillo County. When established in 1852, the county was named for the town of Bernalillo. But the latter was incorporated into the newly established Sandoval County in 1903. :Bracketed number refers to location on map, right CitiesAlbuquerque (3) (county seat) • Rio Rancho (partial) TownEdgewood (partial) VillagesLos Ranchos de Albuquerque (1) • Tijeras (6) Census-designated placesCarnuel (9) • Cedar Crest (5) • CedroChilili (8) • Edith EnclaveIsleta (7) • Kirtland AFBManzano Springs (partial) • North Valley (2) • Paa-KoPajarito MesaParadise HillsPonderosa PineSan AntonitoSandia HeightsSandia KnollsSandia ParkSedilloSouth Valley (4) Unincorporated communitiesAlamedaBartonCañoncitoIsleta PuebloLaguna PuebloSandia Pueblo (partial) • Zuzax ==Education==
Education
There are three school districts in the county: • Albuquerque Public SchoolsMoriarty Municipal SchoolsRio Rancho Public Schools Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) schools: • Isleta Elementary SchoolAlbuquerque Indian School (closed) Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI), a BIE community college, is in an unincorporated area in the county. ==Transportation==
Transportation
Major highways • / (unsigned) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Intercity railAmtrak serves Albuquerque with a station located adjacent to the Alvarado Transportation Center. It is on the Southwest Chief line which runs between Los Angeles and Chicago. Public transportationABQ RIDE provides public transit bus service to Albuquerque. In addition to local and express service, it operates the Albuquerque Rapid Transit (ART) bus rapid transit lines, which replaced the Rapid Ride BRT system in 2020. • New Mexico Rail Runner Express (NMRX) operates a commuter rail service between Belen and Santa Fe, with stops in Bernalillo County including the Alvarado Transportation Center (the main hub of ABQ Ride) in downtown Albuquerque. AirAlbuquerque International Sunport (ABQ) is the major airport serving Albuquerque and Central New Mexico. ==See also==
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