in Oran. After returning from
Mostaganem in 1563, after a
failed campaign to reconquer Oran and Mers el-Kébir,
Hassan Pacha decided to leave a local governorate capable of reinforcing the authority of Algiers, and to fight against the Spanish. transferred the capital to
Mascara, because it was in a more central position. He contributed in the Algerian victory against the
moroccan Alaouite Sultan
Ismail bin Shariff attempts to takes territories and plunder villages in the
battle of the Cheliff on 28 April 1701 with the help of several
Algerians tribals
warriors of the Oranian region and in
1707 he defeated the
Sultan of Morocco Ismail bin Shariff in the west of
Sig in a forest which were called forest of Moulay ismail after this battle in memory of this battle those battles contributed to re-establish the borders until the tafna rivers. He
took Oran from the Spaniards in 1708, which then became his residence, but
in 1732 the Spaniard retook the city and Bouchelaghem had to take refuge in Mostaganem. He ruled until 1734, when he died a natural death. In 1748, the
Kouloughlis of
Tlemcen revolted, albeit the revolt was crushed. In 1754, a new revolt started in the town led by caïd Radjem. In 1779, Mohamed el Kebir was appointed as Bey of Oran. He reorganized the province and restored order.
He recaptured Oran and Mers-el-kébir in 1792, which is the origin of the « el Kebir » part of his name (which also means the great) and in the same year the
Rif in
Morocco were conquered which will be given back to the
Alaouites dynasty after an agreement between the Algerian Bey Muhammad al Kabir and the Moroccan Sultan
Sulayman in
1798.
Oran became the capital of the province and it was the territorial expansion and the apogee of the Western Beylik. After his death in 1799, his son Othman was designated as
Bey. The province was met with new difficulties, mainly revolts instigated by marabouts and the religious brotherhoods of
Tidjaniya and Derkawa. After the
Fall of Algiers, and the expulsion of
dey Hussein, the forces of the three Beyliks of Constantine, Oran and Titteri did not regroup against the forces of the invader. French troops occupied Oran on 1 January 1831. The submission of
Bey Hassan caused the population to flee the town. He was replaced by
Bey Kheireddine who was sent from
Tunis by the French administration but soon after he went back to
Tunisia, forced due to the small population of
Oran before due to multiples wars with Spain most the inhabitants fled in the tribes or others cities of south or others areas in the region or joined
Emir Abdelkader who had a legitimacy and influence much stronger than the Tunisian statesman who probably saw no interests in staying in the difficult situation of French forces limited to the city of Oran and harassed by the resistance of tribes which resulted in
the creation of a new Algerian state completely made by the local Algerian people centralized firstly in western
Algeria in the city of
Mascara and later
Tagdemt close to
Tiaret for later making a mobile head quarter and nomadic capital called the Smalah, the
Emirate of
Algeria succeeded the
Regency of Algeria which included 2 others political entities integrated as
viceroyalty governed by
Beys the Beylik of the West and of
Titteri annexed by Emir Abdelkader until
Setif and
Biskra, The
eastern Beylik of
Constantine were still existing this time independently from
Algiers and the
Ottoman Empire until
France conquer its capital in
1837 but
Ahmed Bey got refuge amongst the
Chaouis tribes of the
Aures mountains until 1848. The troubles made by
French invasion will result in an
Algerian reaction making severals
principality and others way of resistances already making the structures of
revolutionnaries ideas and independentists against the oppression of colonization which will be the main reasons of
Algerian war of Independence which will make the modern
Algeria we know. == References ==