Rade language

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects. • Area 1 • Area 1.1: Krung, Kpă, Adham • Area 1.2: Drao. Êpan, Ktul • Blô (mixture of areas 1.1 and 1.2, as well as Mdhur) • Area 2 • Mdhur • Bih Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23) assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect. • Kpă – Krung: 85.5% • Kpă – Adham: 82% • Kpă – Ktul: 82% • Kpă – Mdhur: 80% • Kpă – Blô: 82% • Kpă – Êpan: 85% • Kpă – Drao: 81% • Kpă – Bih: 73% == Dialects ==

Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24) lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. • Kpă: spoken throughout Buôn Ma Thuột • Krung: spoken in Ea H'leo and Krông Năng; some Krung also live among the Jarai in Gia Lai Province • Adham: spoken in Krông Buk, Krông Năng, and Ea H'leo • Ktul: spoken in Krông Bông and the southern part of Krông Pắk • Drao (Kơdrao): spoken in M'Đrăk (in the townships of Krông Jing, Cư M'Ta, and Ea Trang) • Blô: spoken in M'Đrăk (small population) • Êpan: spoken in M'Đrăk (small population) • Mdhur: spoken in Ea Kar and M'Đrăk; also in Gia Lai Province and Phu Yen Province • Bih: spoken in Krông Ana and in the southern part of Buôn Ma Thuột Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language. Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people. A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the Buôn Ma Thuột area (Phạm 2005:212). ==Phonology==

The spelling is shown in italics. Consonants • The voiced implosives are also described as "preglottalized stops" (. • According to : • is as an affricate . • are dental (). • has slight friction (). • There is an optional schwa between the bilabial plosives and . Thus pra "scaffold" is pronounced . • is weakened before most consonants, except before the liquids where there may be a schwa. Compare mčah "broken" and mla "tusk" . • When other consonants is followed by , there may be a schwa or coarticulation. Compare trah "to fish" , tlao "to laugh" , dlao "to scold" , dhan "branch" , jhat "bad" , ghang "to roast" . • can also be heard as a more bilabial . • Glottalized final consonant sounds are heard only in final position. Vowels • are central (respectively ). == Vocabulary ==

• – the most senior in age and authority • – Protestant of Christian (single word identity of E-de) • – you • – husband • – her/him • – they • – we • – love • – hate • – younger sibling • – mom/mother • – grandma/grandmother • – grandma/grandfather • – father, dad daddy • – ugly, bad • – pretty • – beautiful girl • – good • – love • – give • – true • – go • – I/me • – name • – country • – want/like • – God • – speak • – language • – rice porridge • – fat • – skinny • – black • – to be from • – from • , , , , – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 • , , , , : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 • – America • – Cambodia • – person • – learn • – sound of displeasure/pain • – Buôn Ma Thuột (city) • – type/write • – English • – Rade/Ede • – A lot • – French • -crazy ==Notes==