Using a binary XML format generally reduces the verbosity of XML documents thereby also reducing the cost of parsing, but hinders the use of ordinary text editors and third-party tools to view and edit the document. There are several competing formats, but none has yet emerged as a
de facto standard, although the
World Wide Web Consortium adopted
Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) as a Recommendation on 10 March 2011. Binary XML is typically used in applications where the performance of standard XML is insufficient, but the ability to convert the document to and from a form (XML) which
is easily viewed and edited is valued. Other advantages may include enabling
random access and
indexing of XML documents. The major challenge for binary XML is to create a single, widely adopted standard. The
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) published the
Fast Infoset standard in 2007 and 2005, respectively. Another standard (ISO/IEC 23001-1), known as Binary MPEG format for XML (
BiM), has been standardized by the ISO in 2001.
BiM is used by many
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards for digital TV and mobile TV. The
Open Geospatial Consortium provides a Binary XML Encoding Specification (currently a
Best Practice Paper) optimized for geo-related data (GML) and also a benchmark to compare performance of Fast InfoSet, EXI, BXML and
deflate to encode/decode
AIXM. Alternatives to binary XML include using traditional file compression methods on XML documents (for example
gzip); or using an existing standard such as
ASN.1. Traditional compression methods, however, offer only the advantage of reduced file size, without the advantage of decreased parsing time or random access.
ASN.1/PER forms the basis of
Fast Infoset, which is one binary XML standard. There are also hybrid approaches (e.g.,
VTD-XML) that attach a small index file to an XML document to eliminate the overhead of parsing. == Binary XML efforts ==