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Blue zone

A blue zone is a region in the world where people are claimed to have exceptional longevity beyond the age of 100 due to a lifestyle combining physical activity, low stress, rich social interactions, a predominantly plant-based diet, and low disease incidence. The name blue zones derived simply during the original survey by scientists, who "used a blue pen on a map to mark the villages with long-lived population."

History
A 1999 study of elderly people living on Sardinia found a prevalence of 13 centenarians per 100,000 population, indicating unusual longevity. A 2004 followup report showed that longevity was concentrated in the Nuoro province of Sardinia, specifically in its mountain regions where locally born men lived longer than those in the rest of Sardinia, although reasons for the longevity were unknown. Beginning in 2005, the list of blue zone regions was extended from Sardinia to include Okinawa, Nicoya in Costa Rica, and Icaria in Greece. Michel Poulain added Martinique as a possible blue zone in 2019, Estimating population longevity In the original study of centenarians living in 14 mountain villages of Sardinia (the first proposed blue zone), the research team developed an Extreme Longevity Index (ELI) representing the ratio between the number of eventual centenarians born between 1880 and 1900, and the total number of births recorded during the same time interval for the region. While the study acknowledged that modernization can cause longevity patterns to shift or disappear, it proposed that these regions serve as "natural laboratories" for understanding how lifestyle, diet, and social connectivity may contribute to healthy aging. Core longevity factors found in this study were diet, physical activity, social support, and environment. The authors concluded "with reasonable confidence that these blue zones of exceptional longevity do indeed exist, even if there are indications that this exceptionality is transient and may be transitory. Given the rapid aging of populations in many modern societies, blue zones should be considered as a valuable model for promoting longer, healthier, and happier lives." == Critiques ==
Critiques
In a 2025 review, the authors stated that Loma Linda was included in blue zones marketing after editors requested an example from the United States. A 2021 review stated that there are no controlled studies of elderly people in the blue zones, and that blue zone diets are based on speculation, not evidence through a rigorous scientific method. ==See also==
Source: Wikipedia ↗
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