In 293 BC, Bai Qi led the Qin army to victory against
Wei () and
Han () forces at the
Battle of Yique (in present-day Longmen (), southeast of
Luoyang,
Henan), reportedly slaughtering around 240,000 enemy soldiers in total while capturing some cities. In 292 BC, he was promoted from
Zuo Shu Zhang (左庶長;
Vice Prime Minister of Qin) to
Da Liang Zao (大良造;
Commander of the Officers, before 328 BC also Prime Minister of Qin) by
King Zhaoxiang of Qin. In 278 BC, he led the Qin army to capture
Ying (), the capital city of Chu, in the process seizing considerable amounts of territory. As a reward, he was given the title Lord Wu'an (武安君; literally:
Lord of Martial Peace). Reportedly drowning 100,000 people in a flood attack. In 273 BC, the Qin army under his command defeated the joint armies of
Zhao () and
Wei at Huayang (華陽; south of present-day
Zhengzhou (),
Henan), where he massacred the submitting soldiers, reportedly numbering around 150,000 troops in total: 130,000 Wei soldiers with a further 20,000 Zhao soldiers being killed and thrown into a river. In 264 BC, he successfully besieged 5
Han fortresses and thereafter decapitated the 50,000 enemy soldiers. Sometime before 262 BC, after the split of alliance between
Qi state and Wei state, Bai Qi was sent by the new king of Qin to lead 200,000 men to attack Han, where they met the opposition forces of Han and Wei states of 300,000 men. Bai Qi managed to capture Yowang, and disrupt connection between
Shandong and the capital of Han. During the
Battle of Changping in 260 BC, after Qin intelligence reported that the
Zhao army was commanded by the inexperienced
Zhao Kuo, who had replaced the experienced
Lian Po as acting commander, Bai Qi was appointed to succeed Wang He as commander of the Qin army and was promoted to Shang Jiangjun (上將軍, literally "Generalissimo" or "Supreme Commander"). The Zhao army was split into two parts and its supply lines and retreat route cut off by Bai Qi. More than 400,000 Zhao soldiers, including the
Shangdang people who surrendered after Zhao Kuo was shot dead by Qin crossbowmen, were slain (坑殺; buried alive) on the orders of Bai Qi. Bai Qi wanted to end Zhao once and for all, as they were weary and psychologically affected by the losses incurred from the Battle of Changping, but the prime minister of Qin,
Fan Ju (), who was persuaded by a talker from Zhao, feared Bai Qi's rising power, and recommended that the king stop the attack on the pretext that the Qin troops ought to be rested, and to accept a ceded territory negotiation. Bai Qi stopped the attack; on his return journey to the State of Qin, he fell ill. According to the
Shiji, in the year 257 BC, Qin started to besiege
Handan, the capital of Zhao. Because Bai Qi was ill, the Qin king used another prominent general,
Wang Ling (), who subsequently lost the battle. After about four months, when Bai Qi seemed to have recovered, the king asked him to return to his post as commander, but Bai Qi held a different opinion, he argued that Qin no longer had enough resources for such a long-range war, and the other states would soon attack Qin since Qin had been contrary to the negotiation. However, the king insisted on continuing the attack. Bai Qi refused the king's command, using his illness as an excuse. The king, therefore, had to use
Wang He (), another prominent Qin general, instead of Bai Qi, as the commander. This decision did not help the Qin army in the battle at all; Chu and Wei soon sent troops to assist Zhao. After more than five months of continuous defeat at Handan, Qin had suffered major losses. The king asked Bai Qi to become commander again, but he once more used his illness to refuse the request. In the
Zhan Guo Ce, his true intentions were supposedly revealed when he stated that he would rather be executed for refusing the king's order, than lose his long undefeated fame on the battlefield. Having been refused several times, the king became angry, removed all titles from Bai Qi, and forced him to leave Xianyang, the Qin capital. In addition,
Fan Ju persuaded the king that Bai Qi would join another state as a general and become a threat to the State of Qin. Convinced by Fan Ju's information, the king then forced Bai Qi to commit suicide in Duyou (). Before he committed suicide, Bai Qi stated that he deserved such a tragic ending after having killed so many people. ==Legacy==