Přemyslids In the 10th and 11th century, the
Duchy of Bohemia, together with
Moravia (the
Margraviate of Moravia from 1182 on), and
Kłodzko Land were consolidated under the ruling
Přemyslid dynasty. Duke
Ottokar I of Bohemia gained the hereditary royal title to the Duchy of Bohemia in 1198, from the German (anti)−king
Philip of Swabia, for his support. Along with the title, Philip also raised the duchy to the Kingdom of Bohemia rank. The regality was ultimately confirmed by Philip's nephew the
German King Frederick II, later the
Holy Roman Emperor (1220−1250), in the
Golden Bull of Sicily issued in 1212. The Přemyslid king
Ottokar II of Bohemia acquired the
Duchy of Austria in 1251, the
Duchy of Styria in 1261, the
Egerland in 1266, the
Duchy of Carinthia with the
March of Carniola and the
Windic March in 1269 as well as the March of
Friuli in 1272. His plans to turn Bohemia into the leading
Imperial State were aborted by his
Habsburg rival King
Rudolph I of Germany, who seized his acquisitions and finally defeated him in the 1278
Battle on the Marchfeld. The Luxembourg dynasty reached its high point, when Charles was crowned
Holy Roman Emperor in 1355. In 1367, he purchased
Lower Lusatia from his stepson Margrave
Otto V of Brandenburg and the
Margraviate of Brandenburg. Beside their home
County of Luxembourg itself, the dynasty held further non-contiguous Imperial fiefs in the
Low Countries, such as: the
Duchy of Brabant and
Duchy of Limburg, acquired through marriage by Charles' younger half-brother
Wenceslaus of Luxembourg in 1355; as well as the Margraviate of Brandenburg, purchased in 1373. As both the king of Bohemia and the margrave of Brandenburg had been designated
prince-electors in the
Golden Bull of 1356, the Luxembourgs held two votes in the electoral college, securing the succession of Charles's son
Wenceslaus in 1376. With King Wenceslaus, the decline of the Luxembourg dynasty began. He himself was deposed as king of the Romans in 1400. The duchies of Brabant, Limburg (in 1406), and even Luxembourg itself (in 1411) were ceded to the French
House of Valois-Burgundy; while the Margraviate of Brandenburg passed to the
House of Hohenzollern (in 1415). In the modern era, the remaining crown lands of
Bohemia,
Moravia and
Austrian Silesia became constituent parts of the
Austrian Empire in 1804, and later the
Cisleithanian half of
Austria-Hungary in 1867. After
World War I and the
dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, these became the historic regions usually referred to as the
Czech lands forming the
Czech Republic. Austrian Silesia with the
Hlučín Region is today known as
Czech Silesia, with the exception of eastern
Cieszyn Silesia which passed to the
Second Polish Republic in 1920. ==Bohemian territories==