Bombing of Wewak

By August 1943, the Fourth Air Army—which had been formed in June for the New Guinea campaign—had 200 aircraft, but only 130 of them were operational and ready for flying. This was one third of its full complement of planes and represented an operational strength of 50%. According to Japanese historian Hiroyuki Shindo: "...the major causes of this low operational rate were widespread illness among the aircrews, along with ... the lack of aircraft replacements." Allied personnel started construction of two dummy airfields, relatively close to Japanese infantry positions on the Huon Peninsula, north of Lae. Small construction crews created large clouds of dust, to create the impression that major construction was underway. The Japanese responded by frequently bombing the "airfields", and apparently preventing occupation by Allied units. Simultaneously, at Tsili Tsili, away, the Allies constructed a real airfield and transferred fighter planes there before the Japanese discovered its existence. (However, the Australian official history says the new, secret base was the separate airfield at nearby Marilinan, from Lae.{{cite book | last = Odgers | first = George | year = 1957 | url = https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070210/ On 12 August, the Fourth Air Army began to carry out a wave of raids on the Allied air bases at Mount Hagen, Bena Bena, Wau, Salamaua and elsewhere. Some small Allied raids were undertaken against Wewak. ==Attacks==

On 17 August, 47 B-24 Liberators and B-17 Flying Fortresses made a pre-dawn attack on the main base at Wewak and satellite airfields at Boram, Dagua and But. was assigned to attack Wewak and Boram fields, while the 38th Bomb Group was sent further west to attack Dagua and But airdromes. Each of the 62 bombers was loaded with 12 clusters of three "para-frag" bombs. The small parachutes attached to these "parafrag" bombs slowed them enough for the low-flying American attacker to escape the hail of shrapnel that destroyed the Japanese planes on the ground. Delayed action bombs were also used which left huge craters in the runway and prevented Japanese aircraft from taking off or landing. B-24s of the 90th Bomb Group bombed Wewak from high altitude, while 53 B-25s succeeded in reaching Wewak and attacked the airfields again. Only three U.S. aircraft were shot down in the raids, but in one loss Major Ralph Cheli was awarded the Medal of Honor. The raids caught the Japanese unprepared. Their New Guinea airbases were inadequate in terms of the concealment of planes, in hangars and other shelters, and they relied almost completely on a visual warning system, which did not allow enough time for aircraft on the ground to take off or be taken under cover. These problems were compounded by the poor quality of runways, ==Aftermath==

Colonel Kazuo Tanikawa—an Eighth Area Army staff officer—later said: According to the Fourth Air Army's numbers, out of 200 Japanese airplanes that were at the four Wewak area airbases 174 of them were put out of action. 54 were shot down, 16 were blown up, 57 were badly damaged, and 47 were slightly damaged. The Fourth Air Army had been reduced to an operational strength of about 30 planes, and this meant a virtual end to Japanese air operations in New Guinea until replacements arrived. The Allies could now conduct air operations virtually uncontested as far away as Aitape, whereas previously Madang had been the extent of air operations. The Fourth Air Army recovered to an extent but never again reached the strength it had in August 1943. The last major air combat between Allied and Japanese aircraft took place on 3 June 1944. The final aerial victories of the New Guinea campaign for the USAAF and Royal Australian Air Force occurred in June 1944. By that time the Fourth Air Army had ceased to exist. ==Notes==