Soviet Union After the
October Revolution, the
Bolshevik government based its
nationalities policy (
korenization) on the principles of
Marxism. According to these principles, all nations should disappear with time, and
nationalism was considered a
bourgeois ideology. By the mid-1930s these policies were replaced with more extreme
assimilationist and
Russification policies. The term was used indiscriminately to smear national groups opposed to Russian centralism. In his Report on the 50th anniversary of the formation of the
USSR,
General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev emphasized: "That is why Communists and all fighters for socialism believe that the main aspect of the national question is unification of the working people, regardless of their national origin, in the common battle against every type of oppression, and for a new social system which rules out exploitation of the working people." In the Soviet Union throughout its existence, the term generally referred to
Ukrainian,
Estonian,
Latvian,
Armenian,
Kazakh and other types of nationalism that were propagated by the Soviet Union's non-Russian minorities. The Soviet leadership saw their struggle for independence as a threat to the entire existence of the USSR's communist regime.
China Bourgeois nationalism as a concept was discussed by China's president,
Liu Shaoqi as follows:
Judaism and Zionism In 1949, the
Communist Party USA declared the
Zionist movement to be a form of "Jewish bourgeois nationalism". Writing for ''
People's World'' in 2003, the leftist activist
John Gilman referred to Jewish bourgeoisie nationalism as having multiple varieties, including
Jewish assimilationism and Zionism. == See also ==