Bourne, Lincolnshire

The ancient woodland of Bourne Woods is still extant, although much reduced. It originally formed part of the ancient Forest of Kesteven and is now managed by the Forestry Commission. The earliest documentary reference to Brunna, meaning stream, is from a document of 960, and the town appeared in Domesday Book of 1086 as Brune. Bourne was an important junction on the Victorian railway system, but all such connections were severed after the Second World War (see Railways section). The business stimulus it brought caused major development of the town and many of the buildings around the medieval street plan were rebuilt or at least refaced. Improved communications allowed a bottled-water industry to develop and coal to be delivered to the town's gas works. The local authority at the time, Bourne Urban District Council, was active in the town's interests, taking over the gas works and the local watercress beds at times of financial difficulty and running them as commercial ventures. Large numbers of good-quality council houses were built in the early 20th century. Bourne sent many men to both world wars but was otherwise not much affected. During the Second World War a German bomber shot down in May 1941 crashed into the ''Butcher's Arms'' public house in Eastgate. The landlord, his wife and eight soldiers billetted across the road were killed, as were the bomber's crew. In a separate incident several bombs were dropped on the Hereward Camp. ==The town==

The town is located on a Roman road now known as King Street. It was built around some natural springs, hence the name "Bourne" (or "Bourn"). which derives from the Anglo-Saxon burna or burne meaning "water" or "stream". In former years Austerby was regarded as a separate settlement, with its own shops and street plan, but it is now an area of Bourne. The ecclesiastical parish of Bourne is part of the Beltisloe Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln and based at the Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul, in Church Walk. Other religious congregations in the town include Methodist, Baptist, United Reformed and a Roman Catholic church (St. Gilbert's Catholic Church). Much of Bourne's 19th-century affluence came from the corn-trade boom that followed the mechanisation of fen drainage. The Corn Exchange in Abbey Road dates from 1870. ==Governance==

Lincolnshire County Council Bourne has two county council divisions: • Bourne North and Morton • Bourne South and Thurlby South Kesteven District Council Bourne has three District Council wards, two having two councillors and the new ward, Austerby, having three councillors. • Bourne East • Bourne West • Bourne Austerby Bourne Town Council (1821) by local architect Bryan Browning Bourne Town Council has two wards which are identical to the South Kesteven District Council wards. Bourne East elects seven councillors to the town council and Bourne West eight. From 1899 to 1974, Bourne had an urban district council in the former Parts of Kesteven. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Bourne UDC was dissolved into the newly formed South Kesteven district. Urban districts which disappeared in this way formed successor parishes and were given a dispensation to call their "parish" councils "town" councils, with their chairs to be known as mayor. These town councils were allowed to adopt the coat of arms granted to the former UDC. A Bourne Rural District also existed from 1894 to 1931, when it was abolished to form part of a larger South Kesteven Rural District. The parish of Bourne had formed part of Bourne RD from 1894 to 1899. South Kesteven RDC had its own coat of arms, which disappeared along with that of Kesteven in 1974. International links Since October 1989, Bourne has been twinned with Doudeville, Seine-Maritime, France. Drainage Parts of west Bourne are drained by one of two internal drainage boards, The Black Sluice IDB Education • Bourne Abbey Church of England Academy (primary) • Bourne Grammar School (secondary with sixth form) • Bourne Academy, formerly Robert Manning Technology College (secondary with sixth form) • Bourne Westfield Primary Academy (primary) • Willoughby School (Special Educational needs) • Bourne Elsea Park Primary Academy (primary) ==Transport==

Road Bourne Market Place is at the crossroads of the A15 road and the B1193. Bus There is a bus station at the top of North Street. The town's bus services provide a frequent public transport link to Peterborough, and are operated by the family-owned Delaine Buses. There is a daily long-distance coach between Grimsby and London Victoria, which stops at Bourne bus station. Railways The first local railway was the Earl of Ancaster's estate railway, which ran from the East Coast Main Line at Little Bytham, through the Grimsthorpe estate to Edenham. Later Bourne had a railway station served by the Bourn and Essendine Railway (old spelling) line from Essendine to Sleaford and by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN) connecting the Midlands to East Anglia. Timetabled passenger services on both lines had ceased by the end of February 1959. Shipping The Bourne-Morton Canal or Bourne Old Ea connected the town to the sea in Roman times. Until the mid-19th century, the present Bourne Eau was capable of carrying commercial boat traffic from the Wash coast and Spalding. This resulted from the investment following the Bourne Navigation Act 1780 (21 Geo. 3. c. 22). Passage became impossible once the junction of the Eau and the River Glen was converted from gates to a sluice in 1860. ==Media==

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter, the Waltham TV transmitter can also be received which broadcast BBC East Midlands and ITV Central programmes. The town is served by both BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and BBC Radio Lincolnshire. Other radio stations including Greatest Hits Radio, Hits Radio Lincolnshire and Bourne Community Radio, a community based station. The local newspapers are the Bourne Local and Stamford Mercury. ==Sport==

Bourne Town Football Club plays football in the United Counties Football League, whilst Bourne Cricket Club plays in the Lincolnshire ECB Premier League. These teams play their home games at the Abbey Lawn, a recreation ground privately owned by the Bourne United Charities. Motor sports The racing-car marques English Racing Automobiles (ERA) and British Racing Motors (BRM) were both founded in Bourne by Raymond Mays, an international racing driver and designer who lived in Bourne. The former ERA and BRM workshops in Spalding Road are adjacent to Eastgate House, the Mays' family home in the town's Eastgate. Pilbeam Racing Designs is also based in the town. ==Landmarks==

There are currently 71 listed buildings in the parish of Bourne, including Bourne Abbey and the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul (1138), which is the only one scheduled Grade I, as well as the Red Hall. ==Notable people==

• Bourne is reputedly the birthplace of Hereward the Wake (in about 1035), although the 12th-century source of this information, De Gestis Herwardi Saxonis, refers only to his father as being "of Bourne" and to the father's house and retainers there. • Robert Mannyng (1264–1340) is credited with putting the speech of the ordinary people of his time into recognisable form. He is better known as Robert de Brunne because of his long period of residence as a canon at Bourne Abbey. There he completed his life's work of popularising religious and historical material in a Middle English dialect that was easily understood at that time. • William Cecil (1520–1598) became the first Lord Burghley after serving Queen Elizabeth I. He was born at a house in the centre of Bourne that is now the Burghley Arms. • Dr William Dodd (1729–1777), was an Anglican clergyman, man of letters and forger. He was prosecuted, sentenced to death and publicly hanged at Tyburn in 1777. • Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), son of a solicitor, lived at Wake House in North Street. He moved to Paris and became a renowned designer of women's fashion and the founder of haute couture. The French government awarded him the Légion d'honneur. • Sir George White (1840–1912), MP for North West Norfolk, a seat he held for twelve years until he died in 1912. He was knighted for public service in 1907. • Lilian Wyles (1885–1975) was the first woman officer of the Metropolitan Police's CID in 1922. The only daughter of the Bourne brewer Joseph Wyles, she started her police career in the women patrols, assisting young girls at risk. • Raymond Mays (1899–1980), son of a local businessman, was a successful motor racing driver and manufacturer. ==References==