Herding dogs have been found in the Belgian Ardennes since at least the 19th century. Bred to withstand the region's harsh climate, tough work, and difficult terrain, only the hardiest and most hardworking dogs were selected for tasks like herding cows, sheep, pigs, and horses. During the
World Wars, these dogs were used as poacher's dogs. By the end of the 19th century, these dogs resembled sheepdogs but were larger, stronger, and more aggressive. Belgian dog shows introduced classes for drover’s dogs to establish their specific type and a breed standard was published in 1923. Designed to be an intermediary in size, the Bouvier des Ardennes was established after 1910 by crossing
Bouvier des Flandres with
Belgian Malinois and perhaps the
Briard. In the 20th century, the decline of farms in the Ardennes and the decrease in milking cattle herds significantly reduced the number of working dogs, including the Bouvier des Ardennes. == Appearance ==