Art writers noted several elements of the painting as dominant, either visually or thematically. Moir, for example, notes the key role that the contrast between light and shadow plays in the composition: a window placed high on the left allows a ray of light to penetrate the room, illuminating, as it slides over the wall, the boy, the lush fruit basket, the shirt sleeve, the sensual bare shoulder, and the languid face, while the shadow, the dark mark, is provided by the hair and the projection of the basket's shadow on the wall. As he writes, "the result is an emphasis on the tangibility of objects in the delicately veiled space, which confirms the visual illusion and at the same time the authenticity of the episode, which is no longer a creation of the painter's imagination but a transcription of his experience". The artwork's essential theme is therefore the showing of the tactile experience of "natural things." According to Gregori, "the artwork's subject is exactly that which appears to the viewer's eye: a young seller, with a basket, full of fruit mixed with still fresh leaves, the truth of which is exalted by the marvelous brilliance of the colors". According to Bologna, Caravaggio takes all of nature—flowers, fruits, figures—as "the object of his brush," performing a wholly advanced operation: that of direct observation, the same that new scientists like
Galileo "were conducting on the manifestations and structure of the natural world". Hermann Fiore believes that the artist also kept in mind the Latin tradition of
xenia, gifts in the form of fruits and vegetables that in Roman aristocratic houses were offered to guests. K. Hermann Fiore stipulates that the young man may be a contemporary personification of the god Vertumnus.
Influences and context Still life in Rome, at the time of Caravaggio's activity, grafted onto Northern European and Lombard experiences; the first significant Roman painting of the kind was
Vegetables, Fruits and Flowers, attributed to the so-called
Master of Hartford. It is dated to more or less post-1593 and also comes from the seizure of paintings made from Cavalier d'Arpino. Due to this provenance, some have wanted to associate this work with Caravaggio, but as diagnostic radiographic surveys have shown, it seems to be entirely foreign to him. The X-rays reveal many reworkings and corrections on the drawing, a technique entirely foreign to Caravaggio. Other painters at the time, such as the
Campi brothers or Carracci (in the latter's case, his "butcher shops" in particular) adopted a merely figurative interest for fruits and vegetables, usually in the context of depicting farmer's markets. The distinctiveness of Caravaggio's work is that he focusses his attention on the human figure associated with the displayed nature, looking with great realistic attention at individual objects and their tactile experience: consider the compactness of the apples, the roundness of the moist grape berries, the soft fleshiness of the figs, and how these features are complimented by the presentation of the titular seller. During his time at the workshop of Peterzano in Milan, Caravaggio would certainly have had the opportunity to see and study the works of the Cremonese Campi brothers, who show, in more than one painting, the presence of the abundance of nature in the fruit and vegetable market; for example, in
Vincenzo Campi's
Fruit and Vegetable Seller of 1580. In the work, we see two characters: one female—the fruit seller—and one male, a helper. In front of them, an abundance of vegetables and both fresh and dried fruit. The painting has a dual function: on one hand, it shows the abundance and richness of the market, also with realistic attention; on the other, however, an erotic meaning is evident: the woman has a split pumpkin in her lap, while the man holds in his hand a bunch of leeks, which raise associations of virility. The male subject inserts a finger into his ear, which was a gesture with a sexual meaning. To complete the interpretation, in the background we can see a man on a tree who throws fruits into the lap of the woman below. It is an explicit sexual allegory in which gestures, images, and fruits have an erotic value, understandable to the audience of the time. A different use of horticultural motifs, however, has been achieved by
Giovanni Ambrogio Figino in his
Metal Plate with Peaches and Vine Leaves, datable to the late 1500s; similarly, the fruit presented on the painting is used to construct an allegory, but of a non-erotic quality. Rather, Figino explores theme of
Vanitas, where next to vine leaves that are yellowing, the peaches seem to remain eternally ripe, maintaining a consistency that defies time and competes with the harder, indestructible material of the metal tray. Erotic symbolism and
vanitas are thus already explored in these early examples of still life. These themes can inform our reading Caravaggio's work. At first sight, he seems to be distinctly less interested the passage of time and
vanitas in the
Boy with a Basket of Fruit than in his other, more expressly vanitas-oriented works, such as the
Basket of Fruit. Still, it could be said that the theme of decay in the
Boy is explored through the reality of the objects themselves, rather than by employing expressly figurative elements, such as a skull or rotting fruit. Indeed, analysts have noticed that the fruits in the boy's basket bear disorders and imperfections; the sombre atmosphere and harsh lighting underlines the fleeting youthfulness of the subject. The erotic motifs are not foreign to the
Boy with a Basket either. The young man has a languid and feminine expression, his mouth half open, red lips, his face tilted to the left, flushed cheeks, the shoulder bare and exposed. A homoerotic reading leads to the assertion that the boy is not offering the fruit but himself; the abundance and goodness of the fruits make a pendant with the erotic goodness expressed by the young man. And in this sense, the basket held close to the chest could be a symbolic indication of lust. The basket is one of the attributes of the faun and alludes to lust, like the girdle of Venus, all symbolic cryptograms of Eros. But here too, the sign of time, of transience, is equally present; the fruits offered as gifts (and in this sense the young man himself) are transient, destined to end, like the yellowing leaf that bends down outside the basket. These interpretations suggest that Caravaggio does not wholly depart from the Renaissance allegorical tradition; rather, he goes beyond it, investigating with concrete scrupulousness the forms inherent in nature. He shows their richness and extracts meaning through scrupulously observing and realistically representing the physical world. ==Horticulturalist analysis==