In the 12th century,
Saint Malachy became aware of two new monastic orders in France, the
Cistercians and the
Augustinians, and he decided to introduce both orders to Ireland in an effort to reform the old Irish church which he felt had fallen out of line with much of the rest of Christian Europe. The first Cistercian Abbey was founded at Mellifont, County Louth in 1142. St Malachy made arrangements that young aspirant Irish men who want to become Cistercians should be trained in
St Bernard’s own
monastery of Clairvaux or one of its daughter houses. The Cistercians were invited to found an abbey in
Moylurg as a daughter house of Mellifont. In 1148 Peter O’Mordha and twelve companions were sent to
Connaught. They tried Grellachdinach, Buniffi and Drumcunny before settling at Boyle. The monks being vegetarian required an amount of arable land adjacent to a monastery as well as the facility to be able to channel running water to the establishment. They were offered the Celtic monastery called Eas Mic nEirc or Assylin near a major river crossing called of Ath-Da-Larg or ‘the ford with two forks’, where roads leading north, south, east and west all converged. This monastery had either very few monks or none at all. Little is known of this monastery, beyond two references in the various annals and a visit by Saint Columba in 560. So Taoiseach McGreevy, a local chieftain, negotiated and gave this Celtic monastery in "pure free and perpetual alms" (no strings attached) to the Cistercians. (Documentary evidence shows that the McGreevy's were still in this district one hundred years later, ca. 1258.) The Cistercians were welcomed and over many years were given land grants of about 50,000 acres (200 km2) scattered west of the River Shannon in 27 out-farms called granges. The Cistercians found the site of Assylin unsuitable owing to its geography, it is a height above the river and eventually built on the present site a few kilometres to the east which was more conducive to their plans which dictated that running water should be on the site for cooking, washing and toilet requirements. It was also more suitable for essential ancillary facilities such as mills and fish ponds, one of which existed until relatively recent times. Boyle Abbey was founded in 1161. The monastery prospered in the initial period, they made two foundations:
Knockmoy Abbey in
County Galway, and
Assaroe Abbey in
County Donegal. It had been raised to the status of Abbey by 1174. However the abbey buildings took much time and were not completed until ca. 1218 when the abbey was consecrated. This was due in part to the events of 1202 when during a war initiated over the succession to the
kingship of Connaught, the abbey was occupied and very badly damaged. The evidence for this may be seen in the architecture, with differing styles in various parts of the church. The history continued to be full of incident, in the 1220s Boyle became involved in what was termed ‘The Conspiracy of Mellifont’ when that abbey and its various daughter houses attempted to break away from Norman control. After that was resolved the abbey was attacked on a number of occasions such as 1235 and 1284 . However with the advent of the various orders of friars in Ireland, the
Franciscans,
Dominicans, Augustinians and others, who offered a different style of life, more in keeping with the local culture, the number of lay brothers, who worked the granges, declined and this resulted in many of the granges being leased out. The life of the abbey seems to have gone on as normal, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries its abbots were regularly made
bishops of Elphin. However, by the end of the 15th century, the family of the local chieftains appear to have taken control of the abbey, one of their number regularly becoming abbot. When the abbey was suppressed under
Queen Elizabeth and the remaining assets given away, the new owner allowed the Cistercians to remain. The last abbot
Gelasius Ó Cuileanáin was executed in Dublin in 1580. == Architecture ==