The term
Província ("Province") was preserved until January 1890, one month after the fall of the monarchy and the subsequent republican regime in Brazil. the
Estado supported the
Allied cause in
World War I, suffering reprisals from the German community in the city, which removed all advertising announcements from the newspaper. Despite this, the Mesquitas maintained their editorial position. During the war, the afternoon edition of the newspaper began to circulate throughout the country. It was known as
Estadinho (
lit. "Little Estado"), directed by the then young
Júlio de Mesquita Filho. In 1924, the newspaper
Estado was banned from circulation for the first time, after the defeat of the
tenentist revolt that shook the city. Júlio Mesquita, who tried to mediate a dialogue between the rebels and the government, was imprisoned and taken to
Rio de Janeiro, before being freed shortly thereafter. With the death of the old director of 1927, his son Júlio de Mesquita Filho assumed the directory along with his brother Franscisco, the latter managing the financial aspects of the newspaper. In 1930, the
Estado, connected to the
Democratic Party, supported the candidature of
Getúlio Vargas for the
Liberal Alliance. Years later, with the appearance of the "
Estado Novo", the newspaper maintained its opposition to the regime, and in March 1940 it was invaded by DOPS (part of the government that controlled and restrained opponents and movements that were antithetical to the Estado Novo regime) and the paper was altered by them to state that, with absurdity and mockery, "guns were arrested" in the redaction. The newspaper was initially closed and afterwards was confiscated by the dictatorship, being administrated by DIP (Department of the Press [Port."
Imprense"] and Propaganda) until 1945, when the
Estado was returned by the
Supreme Federal Court to its legitimate owners. The numbers published during this governmental intervention are not considered part of the actual history of the paper. Shortly after
World War II the
Estado enjoyed great advances, with the increase in editing and of its good reputation. In the 1950s, the Major Quedinho Street headquarters were built, adjacent to the Hotel Jaraguá. That was the phase when the section
Internacional ("International") of the newspaper, directed by the journalist
Giannino Carta and by
Ruy Mesquita, became known as the most complete of any national newspaper. From that time until the 1970s,
O Estado showed almost exclusively international news on its first page.
República Nova During the
República Nova ("New Republic") (1946–1964) the
Estado profiled itself to the
National Democratic Union of
Carlos Lacerda and opposed all the other governments, especially
João Goulart. In 1954,
O Estado de S. Paulo led a national campaign against the elected democratic President, Getúlio Vargas, leading him to commit suicide. In 1962, the director Júlio de Mesquita Filho even wrote a
Roteiro da Revolução ("Guide to Revolution"), in an attempt to unify civilian opposition against the army, the then called "boasting party", which had intervened in Brazilian politics since the beginning of the Republic. In 1964, the
Estado supported the
military coup where he denounced the end of any normal and simple democratic appearance. From then on, the newspaper began disputing censored editions of its news by the
Brazilian Federal Police, unlike other national newspapers that did not dispute censorship by the government. With the death of Mesquita Filho, the
Estado was directed by
Julio de Mesquita Neto. Then, the newspaper gained worldwide visibility when it denounced the preemptive censorship of articles and replaced them with verses of the Portuguese classic
The Lusiads, by
Luís de Camões. In 1974, it received the
Golden Pen of Freedom Award, bestowed by the
International Federation of Editions and Newspapers. In the 1970s, the newspaper ran into debt because of the construction of its new headquarters by the
Tietê River, leading to a financial crisis, as it competed with a new standard of journalism represented by
Folha de S. Paulo.
After military dictatorship In 1986, the
Estado hired the renowned journalist
Augusto Nunes to be its chief editor. He updated the news bulletin of Estado and endeavored upon a series of reformed graphics, that would result in the adoption, in 1991, of colored printing in its daily editions. Before that,
Estado was not issued on Monday and holidays. In 1996, Júlio de Mesquita Neto died and Ruy Mesquita, his brother, became the new director. Previously, Ruy directed
Jornal da Tarde, owned by the Estado network. After an unsuccessful experience in the area of telecommunications, the Estado network was restructured in 2003 and most of the Mesquita family lost their directorship roles. Massive layoffs also occurred. After balancing its budget, the
Estado embarked upon a new graphic reformulation in October 2004. It also created new notebooks and received many prizes for excellence in graphic displays. ==Grupo Estado==