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Brewster SB2A Buccaneer

The Brewster SB2A Buccaneer, also known as the Brewster Bermuda, is a single-engined mid-wing monoplane scout bomber aircraft built by the Brewster Aeronautical Corporation for the United States Navy between 1942 and 1944. It was also supplied to the Royal Air Force (RAF), United States Army Air Forces, and United States Marine Corps. The Buccaneer was overweight and lacked maneuverability, and has been described as a "classic failure". While designed as a scout bomber, none saw combat, although a number found use in noncombat roles.

Design and development
In early 1939 the United States Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics launched a program to develop larger scout/bombers to operate from the Navy's aircraft carriers. In April that year the Brewster Aeronautical Corporation was selected to build a prototype of its Model 340 design to meet this requirement; this aircraft was to be designated the XSB2A-1. The Navy had ordered a prototype of the Model 340/SB2A in April 1939. The Australian Government ordered 243 Bermudas for the Royal Australian Air Force in mid-1940. In December 1940 the US Navy placed an order for 140 SB2As. Deliveries of the SB2A were greatly delayed. When the French Government placed its order it expected to begin receiving the type from April 1941, after Brewster completed the production of its Brewster F2A Buffalo fighters. Brewster experienced difficulties in completing the Buffalos and commencing work on the SB2A. After the British Government requested substantial modifications to the SB2A in early 1941, Brewster formally advised that it would be unable to start deliveries of the type as had been planned earlier. These delays led the Australian Government to cancel its order of Bermudas in October 1941 in favour of purchasing 297 Vultee Vengeances. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US Government appropriated 192 of the aircraft which had been ordered by the British in January 1942; these aircraft were to be operated by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). Serious problems within Brewster also contributed to delays. The company was badly run, and its workforce was poorly trained and frequently took strike action. After Brewster missed deadlines to deliver aircraft to the US Navy, it was taken over by the Navy in April 1942. Production continued to be slow and many of the completed SB2As suffered from defects. ==Operational history==
Operational history
Deliveries of Brewster Bermudas to the Royal Air Force commenced in July 1942. The RAF judged that the type was unsuitable for combat, and most of the Bermudas delivered to the service were converted to target tugs. Five of the aircraft were transferred to the Fleet Air Arm for assessment – four as dive bombers and one as a target tug. The USAAF received 108 Bermudas, which it called the A-34. The type was considered unsuitable even for training purposes and was used only as "hacks". As the aircraft broke down they were either abandoned or used as targets for artillery training. The A-34s were withdrawn from service in 1944. Deliveries to the US Navy took place during 1943 and 1944. The service received 80 SB2A-2s and 60 SB2A-3s; the latter variant was fitted with folding wings and an arrester hook to enable them to operate from aircraft carriers. The US Navy also regarded the SB2A as unsuitable for combat and training purposes, and mainly used its aircraft as target tugs and for ground maintenance training. These aircraft were instead assigned by the US Navy to the United States Marine Corps, and delivered with Dutch markings in the cockpits. As the SB2A-4, the Marines used some of these aircraft to establish their first night fighter squadron VMF(N)-531. Due to the poor performance of the SB2A, many of the completed aircraft were scrapped by the RAF and US Navy without having been flown operationally. Historians regard the SB2A as a failure. David Donald has labelled it "one of the worst aircraft of World War II". Similarly, the Pima Air & Space Museum website states that the type was "perhaps the least successful Allied aircraft of World War II". The National Naval Aviation Museum website also notes that "overweight, underpowered, and lacking maneuverability, the Brewster SB2A Buccaneer was a classic failure". ==Variants==
Variants
;XSB2A-1 Buccaneer :Prototype, one built (Bu1632, 01005). ;SB2A-2 :Initial production, revised armament – non-folding wings. 80 built (Bu00803/00882). ;SB2A-3 :Fitted with folding wings and arrestor hook for carrier operations. 60 built (Bu00883/00942). ;SB2A-4 :Aircraft built for Netherlands and requisitioned for the US Navy. 162 built (Bu29214/29375). ;A-34 Bermuda :Designation for Lend Lease production for United Kingdom ;Bermuda Mk.1 :Model 340-14 production for United Kingdom. Powered gun mounting replaced by flexible gun mounting. Only 468 of 750 ordered were delivered. ==Operators==
Surviving aircraft
• RAF s/n FF860 – National Museum of Naval Aviation at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. It is displayed as a US Navy SB2A Buccaneer. • s/n unknown – in storage at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. ==Specifications (SB2A-4)==
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