According to contemporary
arboricultural practices, the use of wound dressings and pruning paints is believed to potentially reduce a tree's natural resistance to infections. As a result, it is advised that such treatments should not be applied prior to performing
grafting procedures. Trees naturally initiate the formation of callus tissues in response to injury, effectively compartmentalizing the damaged area into isolated sections. This defense mechanism is further influenced by environmental factors, including early colonization of bacteria and fungi on the exposed tissues, which can prompt the activation of the tree's innate protective responses. == Materials ==