Afghans in the United Kingdom

Historical migration The first Afghan immigrants to the British capital were students, businesspeople and Afghan government officials. It wasn't until years later that significant numbers came in the form of refugees. The first large wave of Afghan immigrants to the UK were political refugees fleeing the 1980s communist regime and numerous others came in the early 1990s escaping Mujahideen. The number skyrocketed later that decade due to the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Between 1994 and 2006, around 36,000 Afghans claimed asylum in the UK. Many whose claims were refused have not returned to Afghanistan, although the International Organization for Migration has helped some voluntarily return. Following the completion of the withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan in August 2021, the UK government launched the Afghan Citizens Resettlement Scheme (ACRS) in January 2022, to provide resettlement in the UK for Afghans who had worked for or were linked to the British government's presence in the country. In early December 2022, it was revealed that no Afghan had yet been resettled under the ACRS. Afghan asylum seekers in the UK are facing homelessness as they are evicted from Home Office hotels without alternative housing. The government's plan to relocate 8,000 Afghans by August has raised concerns due to a housing shortage and long waiting lists. The Local Government Association has expressed difficulties in securing accommodation, while the Home Office emphasizes that hotels are not meant for long-term stays. The Illegal Migration Bill's provision to deport trafficking victims has faced criticism. On 4 August 2023, amidst the UK's acute housing shortage and 104,510 households in temporary accommodations, local councils face strain. Concerns arise for Afghan families served eviction notices from hotels following the 2021 Taliban takeover; despite a minimum 3-month notice period and £285 million in Afghan Resettlement Scheme funds, approximately 24,600 individuals have found safety since January 2022. In the six-year period between 2018 and 2023, 16,670 Afghan nationals entered the United Kingdom by crossing the English Channel using small boats – the second most common nationality of all small boat arrivals. In 2025, the total cost of resettling about 39,000 Afghans, who had assisted British forces and were subsequently at risk of reprisals, to Britain was projected at £7 billion. Afghan Response Route Scandal In July 2025, the UK government disclosed the existence of the Afghan Response Route, a secret resettlement scheme launched in response to a 2022 Ministry of Defence data breach that exposed the personal details of over 18,000 Afghans who had applied to UK relocation programmes such as ARAP. The breach, which was initially concealed under a rare superinjunction, put many of the affected individuals at risk of Taliban reprisals. The scheme ultimately brought approximately 6,900 Afghans and their family members to the UK between 2023 and 2025. The total cost of the programme was estimated at £850 million, and its existence was excluded from official immigration figures and parliamentary disclosures until the injunction was lifted following a High Court ruling.{{cite news |last1=Gray |first1=Alistair |last2=Fisher |first2=Lucy |title=How one of the gravest security lapses in history was kept secret |url=https://www.ft.com/content/dbbaec3e-12c7-4f3b-9428-e5d533118174 == Demography ==

The 2001 census recorded 14,875 Afghan-born people residing in the UK. The 2011 census recorded 62,161 people born in Afghanistan living in England, 562 in Wales, 737 in Scotland and 36 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that, by 2019, the Afghan-born population of the UK had risen to 79,000. About 49% are British nationals. A number of unofficial population estimates have been made. Ethnologue estimates that there are 75,000 native Northern Pashto speakers in the UK, although these may comprise persons of other nationalities as well as Afghans. The number of Pashtuns in the UK is estimated at 100,000 (2009) forming the largest community of Pashtuns in the West, and the majority of Afghan Muslims in the UK are of Pashtun origin, however most British Pashtuns are of Pakistani Pashtun heritage. Other sources have put the Afghan population in London alone at 45,000 (2008) and 56,000. The International Organization for Migration conducted a mapping exercise in 2006, suggesting that the Afghan population of the UK was 20,000. Language Most Pashtuns who originate from Afghanistan use Pashto in addition to English, with Dari (Afghan Persian) as a third language. Tajiks use Persian while Hazaras use Hazaragi, although some Tajiks and Hazaras are also fluent in Pashto. Pashto and Dari are both the official languages of Afghanistan. Distribution At the 2001 census, about 70% of Afghans lived in the capital with largest concentration in western boroughs. In 2001 the single largest Afghan community in the UK was West Southall, where 1,121 Afghan-born people and many more of Afghan descent live. The locations with the fewest Afghan-born residents are Northern Ireland and Wales, which as subdivisions are estimated to have no greater than 100 Afghan residents each. The West Midlands has the second largest number of Afghans by county, with the larger communities in Birmingham (second highest city in the country), Coventry and Wolverhampton, and minor communities in Walsall. The West Midlands region had an Afghan population of 6,552 in the 2011 census, and the South East England region had 4,819. South West England and North East England both had the lowest in England each numbering less than one thousand. The number for Wales was 562. with a particularly large Afghan Sikh community in the London Borough of Ealing, where 58% of Afghans are Muslims and a significant minority are Sikh in the 2001 census. In neighbouring Hounslow, 52% are Muslim, and in Hillingdon is 47%. By contrast, the Afghan population in Brent is over 90% Muslim. Islamic Afghan cultural centres are located in Willesden, Norbury and Hounslow. ==Economy and culture==

Elonat is a Dari language advertising newspaper for the community. Community organisations include: the Afghan Student Union, the Afghanistan and Central Asian Association based in Feltham, the Afghan Association of London based in Harrow, and the Afghan Community Organisation of London based in Lewisham. ==Politics==

Peymana Assad became the first British citizen of Afghan origin to hold any public elected office when she was elected a councillor for Roxeth ward in the London Borough of Harrow in 2018. She ran as the Labour Party parliamentary candidate for the Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner constituency in the 2019 general election, losing to the Conservative candidate. == Notable individuals ==

• Osman Yousefzada, artist • Mursal Hedayat, businesswoman • Nelufar Hedayat, journalist and presenter • Maziar Kouhyar, footballer • Idries Shah, writer and thinker • Shabnam Nasimi, activist and commentator • Aftab Sachak, actor • Hammasa Kohistani, model • Aryana Sayeed, singer and activist • Jamaluddin Mousavi, presenter == See also ==