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Flag of Great Britain

The flag of Great Britain, often referred to as the King's Colour, Union Flag, Union Jack, and British flag, was used at sea from 1606 then more generally from 1707 until 1801 as the flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and is the precursor to the modern Union Jack.

Creation
Proposed versions In the wake of the personal union between England and Scotland resulting from the Union of the Crowns in 1603, King James instructed his Heralds to draw up designs for a new flag, juxtaposing the St George's Cross and the St Andrew's Saltire: By James VI and I, Orders in Council, 1606: Flag of England.svg|The flag of England; ”the Red Crosse, commonly called St. George’s Crosse” Flag of Scotland.svg|The flag of Scotland; ”the White Crosse, commonly called St. Andrew’s Crosse” File:Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg|Form of conjoined flag approved by King James VI and I in 1606 File:Godspeed replica.jpg|Replica of early 17th century English ship Godspeed, with Union flag in her “main-toppe” and that of England in her “fore-toppe” File:The True Portraicture of His Maties Royall Ship the Soveraigne of the Seas. Built in the Yeare 1637 (detail of the Union flag on the jackstaff).jpg|England's Navy Royal warship HMS Sovereign of the Seas, with Union Jack on her jackstaff, c. 1637, as per the 1634 proclamation of Charles I Scottish variant In objecting to the design of Union Flag favoured by James, a number of owners and masters of merchant vessels in the Kingdom of Scotland raised the issue with John Erskine, 19th Earl of Mar, and were encouraged by him to send a letter of complaint to James VI, via the Privy Council of Scotland, which stated: Although documents accompanying this complaint which contained drafts for alternative designs have been lost, evidence exists, at least on paper, of an unofficial Scottish variant, whereby the Scottish cross was uppermost. There is reason to think that cloth flags of this design were employed during the 17th century for unofficial use on Scottish vessels at sea. This flag's design is also described and appears on a colour plate in the 1704 edition of The Present State of the Universe by John Beaumont, which contains as an appendix The Ensigns, Colours or Flags of the Ships at Sea: Belonging to The several Princes and States in the World. Edinburgh Castle depicting the Scottish Union flag On land, evidence confirming the use of this flag appears in the depiction of Edinburgh Castle by John Slezer, in his series of engravings entitled Theatrum Scotiae, c. 1693. Appearing in later editions of Theatrum Scotiae, the North East View of Edinburgh Castle engraving depicts the Scotch (to use the appropriate adjective of that period) version of the Union Flag flying from the Palace block of the Castle. On The North Prospect of the City of Edenburgh engraving, the flag shown is indistinct. A manuscript compiled in 1785 by William Fox and in possession of the Flag Research Center includes a full plate showing "the scoth union" flag. This could imply that there was still some use of a Scottish variant before the addition of the cross of St Patrick to the Union Flag in 1801. However, despite the personal union represented by James and subsequent sovereigns, in practice the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland continued as separate States, each with its own parliament, laws, currency, religion, etc. for over a century. James' ambition to rule over a unified Kingdom of Great Britain was finally realised by his great-granddaughter Anne in 1707, with the flag of the new kingdom formally chosen on 17 April 1707, two weeks before the Acts of Union of 1707 were to take effect. Sir Henry St George, the younger, the Garter Principal King of Arms, having presented several designs of flag to Queen Anne and her Privy Council for consideration, the flag for the soon to be unified Kingdom of Great Britain was chosen. At the suggestion of the Scots representatives, the designs for consideration included that version of Union Jack showing the Cross of Saint Andrew uppermost; identified as being the "Scotts union flagg as said to be used by the Scotts". However, the Queen and her Council approved Sir Henry's original effort, numbered "one". File:Union Jack 1606 Scotland.svg|Cross of Saint Andrew uppermost; "Scotts union flagg as said to be used by the Scotts" File:Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg|Design Anne and her Privy Council approved; Sir Henry's original effort, numbered "one" ==After 1801==
After 1801
With the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, the flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain was changed to include the flag of the Kingdom of Ireland; the Saint Patrick's Saltire. Almost all British ensigns and other official designs incorporating the pre-1801 design of flag were altered to reflect the new flag of the United Kingdom, either immediately or once pre-existing stocks were exhausted. An exception was the Commissioners' Ensign of the Northern Lighthouse Board, whose old stock lasted so long that its anachronistic design became fixed by tradition. The old flag has been included in some later designs to mark a pre-1801 British connection, as with the coat of arms of the Colony of Sierra Leone adopted in 1914 or the flag of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, adopted in 1995. The flag of Somerset County, Maryland, briefly used from 1694, was revived after being rediscovered in 1958. The flag of Taunton, Massachusetts, a reconstruction of an American Revolutionary banner, was officially adopted at the bicentennial of its 1774 introduction; similarly, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1973 adopted the 1775 flag of John Proctor's Independent Battalion of Westmoreland County Provincials. The unofficial flag of Lord Howe Island, Australia, also harks to the pre-1801 Union Jack. The 1707 Union Flag is also the official flag of the United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada. As such, it is often flown by individuals of Loyalist ancestry, and is also included in Loyalists townships, like Niagara-on-the-Lake and Picton, Ontario. {{gallery|align=center|width=150|height=75|whitebg=no|captionstyle=text-align: center | Commissioners' flag of the Northern Lighthouse Board, United Kingdom | Flag of Taunton, Massachusetts, and Weymouth, New Jersey, United States | Flag of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States | Flag of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States ==Gallery==
Gallery
File:Grand-Union-Flag.jpg|Continental Union Flag, featuring early Union Flag in the canton, outside City Hall, San Francisco File:Commissioners' ensign of Northern Lighthouse Board - geograph.org.uk - 926250.jpg|Pre-1801 Union flag on Commissioners’ Ensign of the Northern Lighthouse Board File:James Fort Site, Historic Jamestowne, Colonial National Historical Park, Jamestown, Virginia (14239046428).jpg|Pre-1801 Union flag at the historic Jamestown Settlement, Virginia File:Pre-1801 Union Flag at Fort York, Toronto.JPG|Pre-1801 Union Jack, Fort York, Toronto File:Battle of Brandywine 2022 19.jpg|British contingent at a reenactment of the 1777 Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania File:Baton Rouge Flag.JPG|Flag of Baton Rouge, Louisiana File:Taunton Flag (Liberty and Union Flag) - Arlington, MA.jpg|City flag of Taunton, Massachusetts, featuring early Union Flag in the canton File:FLSPCenter.jpg|Pre-1801 Union flag, together with the Flag of the United States and Flag of Tennessee, at Fort Loudoun (Tennessee) File:JamestownShips.jpg|Replica of the 17th century Susan Constant flying a Union flag in the main topmast and flag of England in the fore topmast File:First Union Jack in Sydney 2.jpg|Pre-1801 Union flag at Sydney Cove, where it was raised on 26 January 1788, a date in Australian history now marked as Australia Day File:Scottish Union Flag.jpg|17th Century Scottish variant of Union flag at Lennoxlove House, East Lothian, Scotland ==See also==
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