The BIS was only preceded in astronautics by the
American Interplanetary Society (founded 1930), the German
VfR (founded 1927), and the Soviet
Society for Studies of Interplanetary Travel (founded 1924), but unlike those it never became absorbed into a national industry. Thus it is now the world's oldest existing space advocacy body. When originally formed in October 1933, the BIS aimed not only to promote and raise the public profile of astronautics, but also to undertake practical experimentation into rocketry along similar lines to the organisations above. However, early in 1936 the society discovered that this ambition was thwarted by the
Explosives Act 1875, which prevented any private testing of
liquid-fuel rockets in the United Kingdom.
Proposals for the design of space vehicles In the late 1930s, the group devised a project of landing people on the
Moon by a
multistage rocket, each stage of which would have many narrow
solid-fuel rockets. Their lander was
gumdrop-shaped but otherwise quite like the
Lunar Module. As it was considered that the cabin would have to rotate, BIS member Ralph A. Smith, who helped re-establish the society post-WW2, invented the first instrument for
space travel: the Coelostat, a
navigation mechanism that would ingeniously cancel out the rotating view. R.A. Smith and Harry Ross were the aerospace visionaries named on the original patent. Smith also authored and illustrated the 1947 book 'The Exploration of the Moon' showing the first ever conceptual 'orbital satellite' (text by Arthur C. Clarke), which is said to have inspired both
John F. Kennedy and
Stanley Kubrick. In a November 1949 conference in the BIS, Harry Ross presented a paper on a concept of a Lunar spacesuit. In the paper, Ross had examined the problem of a 68 kg lunar space suit which could be worn for up to 12 hours, within the temperature range of +120 °C to −150 °C. In 1946, the BIS started a programme known as
Megaroc. The purpose of the programme was to develop a
Sub-orbital spaceflight that could provide crewed ascents to a maximum of 1 million feet (304 km). The craft was made by enlarging and re-designing a
V-2 rocket after it was noted by H.E. Ross in 1946 that the V-2 rocket was "nearly big enough to carry a man." The project was noted to be 10 years ahead of its time by NASA engineers who reviewed it. The same NASA engineers predicted the rocket would have been capable of first achieving a crewed suborbital flight between 1949 and 1951, and capable of sending people to space reliably by 1951.
Role in international space During the second
International Astronautical Congress, held in London in 1951, the BIS was one of 13 national space societies who together founded the
International Astronautical Federation. The other founding members no longer exist as national societies, leaving only the BIS.
Nearest stars In 1978, the society published a
starship study called
Project Daedalus, which was a detailed feasibility study for a simple uncrewed interstellar flyby mission to
Barnard's Star using present-day technology and a reasonable extrapolation of near-future capabilities. Daedalus was to have used a pellet driven nuclear-pulse
fusion rocket to accelerate to 12 per cent of the
speed of light.
Mars The latest in this series of far-reaching studies produced the
Project Boreas report, which designed a crewed station for the Martian North Pole. The report was short-listed for the 2007
Sir Arthur Clarke Awards in the category of Best Written Presentation. ==Publications==