Psychoanalysis was founded by
Sigmund Freud, and much of the early work on Psychoanalysis was carried out in Freud's home city of
Vienna and in central Europe. However, in the early 1900s Freud began to spread his theories throughout the English speaking world. Around this time, he established a relationship with
Ernest Jones, a British neurosurgeon who had read his work in German and met Freud at the inaugural Psychoanalytical Congress in
Salzburg. Jones went on to take up a teaching post at the
University of Toronto, in which capacity he established the
American Psychoanalytic Association. . When Jones returned to London, he established the society in 1913, as the
London Psychoanalytical Society. The society had 9 founding members including
William Mackenzie,
Maurice Nicoll and
David Eder. Almost immediately, the society was caught up in the international controversy between
Carl Jung and
Sigmund Freud. Many of the society's membership were followers of Jung's theories, although Jones himself enjoyed a close relationship with
Freud and wished for the society to be unambiguously Freudian. Jones had joined Freud's
Inner circle in 1912, and helped to oust Jung from the
International Psychoanalytical Association. However, the outbreak of
World War One in 1914 meant that the nascent society, which depended heavily on correspondence with psychoanalysts in
Vienna, then part of
Austria-Hungary, had to be suspended. There were a few informal meetings during the war, but these became less and less frequent as the war went on. In 1919, Ernest Jones re-founded the society as the
British Psychoanalytical Society, and served as its president. He took the opportunity to define the society as
Freudian in nature, and removed most of the
Jungian members. With the help of
John Rickman, the society established a clinic and a training arm, known as the
Institute of Psychoanalysis. == Interwar years ==