Odesa–Brody pipeline

The usage and direction of Odesa–Brody pipeline is considered to be of considerable geopolitical significance and has thus been the subject of both political disagreement and international pressure. Russia has repeated opposed the flow of oil from Brody to Poland and prefers to have the oil flow in the reverse direction from Russia to Brody and the Port of Pivdenny where the oil will be transported through the Turkish Straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles) to Europe. The pipeline was originally intended to reach Gdańsk in order to transfer oil from the Caspian Sea (mainly from Kazakhstan) to the Polish Baltic Sea port and from there to the rest of Europe. The Pivdenny maritime terminal west of Pivdenne, a suburb of Odesa, and the pipeline between Odesa and Brody was built in May 2002 by Ukrnaftogazbud and operated by UkrTransNafta. UkrTransNafta was established to develop the commercial attractiveness of the Odesa–Brody pipeline. From 2002 until 2004, flow of oil through the pipeline was idle. However, as sufficient capacities of oil supplies were not agreed, on 5 July 2004 the Ukrainian cabinet accepted proposal of Russian oil companies to reverse the pipeline flow, and thus making it transfer Russian oil southwards to the Black Sea and from there to Mediterranean destinations and signed a long term agreement between Russia and Ukraine on August 18, 2004, ensuring the reverse flow of oil. After the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War, the oil pipeline was stopped for two years – from 2014 to 2016. In March 2020, Ukraine resumed transporting oil from Brody to Belarus and Poland. ==Technical features==

, Odesa Oblast. The current length of the pipeline is . The pipeline is operated by Ukrtransnafta, and the oil is shipped by TNK-BP. In 2006 TNK-BP pumped 3.42 million tons of oil through the pipeline. In 2007, this volume was exceeded as already during seven month in January–July almost 5.3 million tons of oil were pumped transported. ==Expansion==

There are ongoing intentions to implement original project. On 13 May 2003, the European Commission declared the Odesa–Brody–Płock oil transportation project as a project of Pan-European interest and the trilateral EU-Ukraine-Poland Joint Expert Working Group (OBP JEWG) was created. On 11 May 2007 the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan, and the special envoy of the president of Kazakhstan agreed on the construction of a pipeline linking existing pipeline with Gdańsk. On 5 June 2007, at the Gdańsk meeting the intergovernmental working group of the project agreed to expand the composition of shareholders of Sarmatia sp.z.o.o. by companies from Azerbaijan, Georgia and Lithuania. New shareholders since 2007 are Lithuania's Klaipedos Nafta, Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC) and the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijani Republic (SOCAR). According to the agreements between the companies, Ukrtransnafta, PERN, SOCAR and GOGC will each own 24.75% of the shares, while Klaipedos Nafta will own 1% of shares. On 10 October 2007, the agreement forming a pipeline consortium was signed by the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan at the energy security conference in Vilnius. == See also ==