Bruce County

Cessions of First Nations lands The territory of the County arose from various surrenders of First Nations lands. The bulk of the land arose from the Queen's Bush, as a result of the 1836 Saugeen Tract Agreement. That was followed by the cession of the Indian Strip in 1851 for a road between Owen Sound and Southampton that was never constructed. Friction between the Chippewas arising out of that led to significant delay in later negotiations. Municipal history in 1857. Bruce County is marked in light green. Huron County was organized in the Huron District in 1845, and the District itself, which had been continued for judicial purposes, was abolished in early 1850. Legislation passed later in the same session of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada provided instead for it to be reconstituted as the United Counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce, with the territory of the Bruce Peninsula (referred to as the "Indian Reserve") to ne withdrawn and annexed to Waterloo County. Bruce County consisted of the following townships: • Huron • Kinloss • Curloss • Carrick • Kincardine • Greenock • Brant • Bruce • Saugeen • Elderslie • Arran The Indian Reserve (being the part not otherwise transferred to Grey County) was later withdrawn from Waterloo and transferred to Bruce in 1851. The County of Perth was given its own Provisional Municipal Council at that time, and was separated from the United Counties in 1853. In 1849, the Huron District Council initially united the area of the county with the United Townships of Wawanosh and Ashfield as a single municipality, which lasted until 1851, when Wawanosh and Ashfield were withdrawn. The area then became known as the "United Townships in the County of Bruce," which lasted until its division into municipalities in 1854. The Bruce Peninsula was later surveyed into townships, starting with Amabel and Albemarle in 1855, Walkerton was initially proclaimed as the county seat, in preference to Kincardine, A subsequent proclamation confirmed Walkerton's selection. The provisional council later asked for legislation to provide for a referendum as to whether Walkerton, Paisley, Kincardine, or another place would be the most acceptable choice. The referendum was held in September 1864, and Paisley received a plurality of the votes. ==Indigenous lands==

Two First Nations are included within the Bruce census division, but their lands are separate from the county administration: Land disputes There have been disputes relating to cottage owners leasing properties on First Nations lands in the county. At Hope Bay, the occupiers of 68 cottages saw their leases revoked in 2007, resulting in a lawsuit that was only settled in 2018, leading to the resulting demolition of the cottages. in the Saugeen and Chief's Point reserves, there are four blocks of land encompassing 1,200 cottages that had been subject to ten-year lease agreements, Litigation is underway, in which the Saugeen Ojibway First Nation is claiming the following: • Compensation resulting from the Crown breaching its fiduciary trust to protect and preserve the territory of the Saugeen Ojibway Nation; • Aboriginal title over the water territory around the Bruce Peninsula, from the international boundary with the United States in Lake Huron across to Georgian Bay; and • A declaration that their harvesting (i.e., hunting and fishing) rights within their traditional territory were not extinguished by Treaty 72 of 1854. In July 2021, the Ontario Superior Court dismissed the first two claims, but upheld the third. It deferred the question of liability with respect to municipal defendants for a subsequent hearing. Settlements on municipal liability have since been reached with Bruce County and Saugeen Shores. The matter had been partially resolved some years earlier, with certain lands running from Sauble Beach down to Southampton reverting to the reserve. However, another part of the public beach in Sauble Beach, approximately 2 km in length, is still in dispute. The matter has been in protracted litigation, with separate claims being filed in 1990 by the federal government and in 1995 by the First Nation. An attempted settlement, arising from mediation overseen by the former Supreme Court of Canada justice Ian Binnie, collapsed in 2014. In the meantime, some friction has occurred between the First Nation and local authorities over maintenance work being undertaken on the local dunes. The southern portion of Sauble Beach, known as Sauble Park, is within the limits of the reserve. As of 2018, beach parking is no longer available there, in line with what is already the case at Wasaga Beach and Grand Bend. In April 2023, the Ontario Superior Court ruled that the entire portion of the fish landing ground fronting on Lake Huron that was reserved from surrender in Treaty 72, being the substantial part of Sauble Beach, continues to be part of the Saugeen reserve, and no third parties have an interest in any part of it. A proposal to allow a life interest to the private landowners being displaced is currently under consideration by the court. The Town of South Bruce Peninsula subsequently announced that it would take the case to the Ontario Court of Appeal. ==Demographics==

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bruce County had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. ==Municipalities==

Bruce County comprises eight municipalities (in population order): The County of Bruce is governed by a council consisting of a warden and mayors of the area municipalities. County council meetings are held in the Bruce County Administration building, in Walkerton. == See also ==