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Bubalina

Bubalina is a subtribe of Bovini that includes the various species of true buffalo. Species include the African buffalo, the anoas, and the wild water buffalo. Buffaloes can be found naturally in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, and domestic and feral populations have been introduced to Europe, the Americas, and Australia. In addition to the living species, bubalinans have an extensive fossil record where remains have been found in much of Afro-Eurasia.

Taxonomy
Placement within Bovini }} }} The majority of phylogenetic work based on ribosomal DNA, chromosomal analysis, autosomal introns and mitochondrial DNA has recovered three distinctive subtribes of Bovini: Pseudorygina (represented solely by the saola), Bubalina, and Bovina (which today are represented by the genera Bison and Bos). One cytogenetic analysis concerning the phylogenetic position on the saola suggests the species could be related to buffalo. This relationship has not, however, been supported by most phylogenetic work concerning Bovini. since 2011 new uncertainty over the number of species that should be recognized has been introduced. with the African buffalo split into five subspecies based on differences in the horns and skin colouration. The bovid biologist Castelló adopted the Groves and Grubb taxonomic interpretation, Below is the listing of 'new' species recognized by Groves and Grubb (2011) Below is the list of a number of the described fossil species (listed alphabetically): • Subtribe Bubalina (Rütimeyer, 1865) :* Genus Bubalus (Smith, 1827) ::* †Bubalus brevicornis (Young, 1936) ::* †Bubalus cebuensis (Croft et al., 2006) ::* †Bubalus grovesi (Rozzi, 2017) ::* †Bubalus mephistopheles (Hopwood, 1925) ::* †Bubalus murrensis (Berckhemer, 1927) European buffalo, extinct c. 11,000 years Before Present ::* †Bubalus palaeindicus (Falconer, 1859) ::* †Bubalus palaeokerabau (Dubois, 1908) ::* †Bubalus platyceros (Lydekker, 1877) ::* †Bubalus teilhardi (Young, 1932) ::* †Bubalus wansijocki (Boule & Teilhard, 1928) ::* †Bubalus youngi (Chow & Hsu, 1957) :* Genus †Hemibos (Falconer, 1865) ::* †Hemibos acuticornis (Falconer & Gautley, 1868) ::* †Hemibos antelopinus (Falconer & Gautley, 1868) ::* †Hemibos galerianus (Petronio & Sardella, 1998) ::* †Hemibos gracilis (Qiu, 2004) ::* †Hemibos triquetricornis (Falconer, 1865) :* Genus †Parabos (Arambourg & Piveteau, 1929) ::* †Parabos cordieri (de Christol, 1832) ::* †Parabos macedoniae (Arambourg & Piveteau, 1929) ::* †Parabos soriae (Morales, 1984) :* Genus †Proamphibos (Pilgrim, 1939) ::* †Proamphibos hasticornis (Pilgrim, 1939) ::* †Proamphibos kashmiricus (Pilgrim, 1939) ::* †Proamphibos lachrymans (Pilgrim, 1939) :* Genus Syncerus (Hodgson, 1847) ::* †Syncerus acoelotus (Gentry & Gentry, 1978) ::* †Syncerus antiquus (Duvernoy, 1851) – formerly a species of Pelorovis :* Genus †Ugandax (Cooke & Coryndon, 1970) ::* †Ugandax coryndonae (Gentry, 2006) ::* †Ugandax demissum (Gentry, 1980) ::* †Ugandax gautieri (Cooke & Coryndon, 1970) ==Feral buffaloes==
Feral buffaloes
Domestic and feral populations have been introduced to Europe, the Americas, and Australia. ==References==
Source: Wikipedia ↗
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