Bugkalot

Indigenous Bugkalot and Ilongot communities' ancestral domain covers 212,773.47-hectare lands in Nagtipunan, Quirino; Maria Aurora and Dipaculao, Aurora; and Dupax Del Norte, Kasibu, Dupax Del Sur, and Alfonso Castañeda, Nueva Vizcaya. == Culture ==

In Ivan Salva's study in 1980 of the Bugkalots, she described "gender differences related to the positive cultural value placed on adventure, travel, and knowledge of the external world." Bugkalot men, more often than women, visited distant places. They acquired knowledge of the outside world, amassed experiences there, and returned to share their knowledge, adventures, and feelings in a public oratory in order to pass on their knowledge to others. The Bugkalot men received acclaim as a result of their experiences. Because they lacked external experience on which to base knowledge and expression, Bugkalot women had inferior prestige. Based on Michelle Rosaldo's study and findings of other stateless societies, anthropologists must distinguish between prestige systems and actual power within a society. Just because a male has a high level of prestige, he may not own much economic or political power compared to others that are less prestigious within the society. Renato Rosaldo went on to study headhunting among the Bugkalots in his book Ilongot Headhunting, 1883-1974: A Study in Society and History. He notes headhunting raids are often associated with bereavement, a rage, and expiation at the loss of a loved one. ==Gallery of Bugkalot art==

File:Headdress from Ilongot in northern Luzon, Honolulu Museum of Art 8367.1.JPG|A headdress made of a hornbill's beak, shell, wire, rattan and hair File:Bracelet from Ilongot in northern Luzon, Honolulu Museum of Art 8387.1.JPG|A bracelet made of brass, beads and mother of pearl File:Necklace from Northern Luzon, Ilongot, brass, mother-of-pearl and beads, Honolulu Academy of Arts.JPG|A necklace made of brass, mother-of-pearl and beads File:Men's ear pendants, Ilongot, Honolulu Museum of Art 8368.1.JPG|Men's ear pendants made of hornbill, discs of shell, beads and brass File:Earring from Ilongot in northern Luzon, Honolulu Museum of Art 8372.1.JPG|Earrings made of shell, brass and beads File:Hair ornament from Ilongot in northern Luzon, Honolulu Museum of Art II.JPG|A hair ornament File:Pendant from Ilongot, the Philippines, Honolulu Museum of Art 8386.1.JPG|A pendant made of Japanese coins, brass, aluminum and glass File:Men's ear pendants (batling) from Ilongot in northern Luzon, hornbill, brass, shell and cotton, Honolulu.JPG|Men's ear pendants (batling) made of hornbill, brass, shell and cotton ==References==