Canadian athletes first competed at the Olympic Games at
Paris 1900 followed by
St. Louis 1904, it was not until 1907 that the
International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially recognized a
National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Canada. The next year, Colonel
John Hanbury-Williams was recognized as the chairman of the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) for the
1908 Summer Olympics in London. Hanbury-Williams became Canada's first IOC member in 1911. The COC was established to select athletes for the 1908 Summer Olympics, when the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union and the Amateur Athletic Federation of Canada had unsettled differences.
J. Howard Crocker was appointed manager of the national team for
Canada at the 1908 Summer Olympics, which was first national team organized. After another Canadian Olympic Committee was created with the purpose of organizing a team for the
1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, it was reported that the IOC wanted permanent NOCs. In 1913, the
Amateur Athletic Union of Canada (AAU of C) created the Canadian Olympic Association with James Merrick as chairman, a position he held until 1921 when he succeeded Hanbury-Williams as IOC member. At the 1922 AAU of C general meeting, J. Howard Crocker motioned to establish a standing COC, instead of forming a temporary committee prior to each Olympic Games. The permanent COC was to collaborate with provincial organizations to secure funding, chose athletes to represent Canada, and oversee travel and accommodations for the athletes.
Patrick J. Mulqueen was elected president, while Crocker served as the secretary, and
Fred Marples as the treasurer. During early years of fundraising, Marples felt that it was the duty of all Canadian citizens to ensure the strongest possible national team was sent the Olympics, and urged contributions from individuals, organizations, and provincial governments. The COC asked athletic clubs across Canada to arrange competitions to celebrate the 60th anniversary of
Canadian Confederation, using the events as trials for the national championships in Toronto in August 1927, and as a selection process of athletes for
Canada at the 1928 Summer Olympics. In November 1936, the AAU of C discussed multiple resolutions for reorganizing the COC. After Crocker and Mulqueen motioned to dissolve the current COC, the AAU of C agreed to establish a special committee to prepare for the next Olympic Games, including the president, secretary, one representative from each AAU of C branch, and one representative from each allied sports governing body in Canada. In 1937, the organization was renamed the Canadian Olympic Association (COA), but remained within the AAU of C. In 1948, the COC executive was enlarged to have representation from all provinces in Canada. The Canadian Olympic Association replaced the COC by 1952, as a body independent of the AAU of C. Team Canada has competed at every edition of the Games of the Olympiad since then, with the exception of
1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Team Canada has competed at every edition of the
Winter Olympic Games, beginning with the first at
1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix. Team Canada has participated at every edition of the
Youth Olympic Games, beginning with the first at
2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. Team Canada has competed at every edition of the Pan American Games, with the exception of the first at Buenos Aires 1951 because, at the time, countries of the Commonwealth did not participate in the Pan American Sports Congress. In April 2002, the organization was once again renamed the Canadian Olympic Committee, bringing it in line with most other NOCs and making the acronym the same in English and French. On May 29, 2009, the COC and
Barbados Olympic Association signed a memorandum of understanding for co-operation between both bodies. Under the deal, the president of the Canadian Olympic Committee remarked that "Signing this Memorandum of Understanding helps us work even more closely with our colleagues in Barbados to improve sport development for both
Barbadian and
Canadian athletes and coaches". Prior to the
2010 Winter Olympics, hosted in
Vancouver, the COC,
Canadian Paralympic Committee, and
Sport Canada launched the
Own the Podium program. The deal covers a pledge of both national Olympic committees to develop stronger partnerships between sport federations of Canada and Barbados with athlete development an area of focus. This includes the free exchange of coaches, officials, trainers, judges, experts and scientists for participation in seminars, courses and counselling. In December 2014, the COC partnered with
Egale Canada and the international
You Can Play foundation, announcing a program to combat
homophobia in sport by addressing
LGBT issues as part of its mandate. In the
2026 Winter Olympics, Canadian athletes did not win a gold medal through the first eight days of competition, the longest span without one since
1988, attracting increasing national consternation and discussions over funding for high-performance sports. As part of the 2026 spring economic statement,
Mark Carney's government announced more than $750 million in sports-related funding in response to a decline in investment. ==List of presidents==