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Caproni Ca.73

The Caproni Ca.73 was an inverted sesquiplane aircraft designed produced by the Italian aircraft manufacturer Caproni.

Design and development
The Caproni Ca.73 was an inverted sesquiplane with a biplane tail, a rigid central section, and powered by a pair of engines mounted in a push-pull configuration within a common nacelle that was mounted on struts in the interplane gap above the fuselage. The fuselage was positioned wholly below the lower wing, an arrangement that was considered to be less prone to accidents during landings as well as being fairly buoyant in the event of a forced landing upon water. Considerable reinforcement of the base of the fuselage was present so that the aircraft could better cope with such landings. This armament consisted of three machine guns for self-defence; one was mounted in the bow, another was behind the cell, and the final was underneath the cell. The firing fields of these three guns overlapped, enabling total coverage of every point of the airspace around the aircraft. The aircraft was typically powered by a pair of Isotta Fraschini Asso 500 engines, each capable of generating up to 500 hp, that were mounted in a tandem push-pull configuration within a common nacelle that was mounted on struts in the interplane gap above the fuselage to form a sturdy yet simplistic central structure. In terms of its flying characteristics, the aircraft was considered to be relatively easy to operate, possessing flight controls that were both quite responsive and fairly light, the latter being achieved via the suitable balancing of the ailerons and rudder. The aircraft's climb performance was also considered to be relatively good for the era; while carrying a useful payload of 2,300 kg (5,070 lb.), it could attain 1,000 m in seven minutes, 2,000 m in 14 minutes and 30 seconds, 3,000 m in 23 minutes; 4,000 m in 37 minutes, and 5,000 m in 66 minutes. ==Operational history==
Operational history
The publication of General Giulio Douhet's seminal treatise on strategic bombing ''Il dominio dell'aria (The Command of the Air'') in 1921 had left Italy's military planners acutely aware of a lack of this capability. Established as a separate service in 1923, the Regia Aeronautica initially relied upon First World War-vintage Caproni Ca.3 bombers, and a replacement was promptly sought. The immediate solution was to repurpose the existing Ca.73 as a warplane by adding a gunner's position in the nose, dorsally, and ventrally amidships. Bombs were carried on external racks on the fuselage sides. By 1931, the Ca.73, alongside the improved Ca.74, comprised the bulk of the night bombers operated by the Regia Aeronautica. The type remained in frontline service until 1934, and from 1926 onwards participated in Italy's military actions in North Africa. ==Variants==
Variants
Ca.73 – airliner powered by Isotta Fraschini Asso 500 engines • 'Ca.73bis''''' – airliner powered by Lorraine-Dietrich engines • 'Ca.73ter (later redesignated Ca.82') – bomber version with gun positions and fuselage bomb racks • 'Ca.73quarter (later redesignated Ca.88') – bomber with revised control systems and strengthened airframe • 'Ca.73quarterG (later redesignated Ca.89') – bomber with glazed nose, underwing bomb racks, and retractable ventral gun turretCa.74 (later redesignated Ca.80) – version powered by Bristol Jupiter engines • Ca.80 – the Ca.74 redesignated • Ca.80S – air-ambulance and paratroop transport version • Ca.82 – redesignated 'Ca.73ter''''' • Ca.87 – long-range record version (one converted) • Ca.88 – redesignated 'Ca.73quarter''''' • Ca.89 – redesignated 'Ca.73quarterG' ==Operators==
Operators
Military operators ; • Regia Aeronautica ==Specifications (Ca.73)==
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