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1936 visit by Eugenio Pacelli to the United States

Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli visited the United States for two weeks in October–November 1936 as Cardinal Secretary of State and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. At the time, Pacelli was the highest-ranking Catholic official ever to visit the US. Although he did not visit the US as Pope, he was the first Pope who visited the US at any time in his life.

Itinerary
Arrival , which waited for him in New York for his return voyage. It was customary for Pacelli to take an annual vacation, and he changed his plans from Switzerland at the last moment. Pacelli left Naples on October 1 aboard the Italian liner Conte di Savoia, joined by Fulvio Suvich, the Italian ambassador to the US; Prince Marcello Gentili del Drago, the secretary of the embassy; New York , a prominent radio critic of Roosevelt's, was silenced by Pacelli's visit. Pacelli arrived in New York on October 8 and first met with Cardinal Patrick Joseph Hayes and Apostolic Delegate Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, along with many other Catholic bishops, clergy members, and prominent laymen. In New York, Pacelli was the guest at Inisfada, the Manhasset, Long Island home of Genevieve Garvan Brady, the widow of Nicholas Frederic Brady, one of New York's wealthiest public utility directors and financiers; a large papal donor in her own right, she was created a Dame of Malta and a papal Duchess. While in New York, Pacelli met with Nicholas Murray Butler, the president of Columbia University, Boston Pacelli was accompanied by Bishop Francis Spellman (future Cardinal) to Boston on October 12. Spellman was a trusted friend and reliable fundraiser for Pacelli; the Bishop had boarded the ocean liner even before Pacelli disembarked to offer him a set of secular-style clothing which was refused. Coughlin was in Boston at the same time as Pacelli, but the two did not meet. Connecticut The future Pope visited the Knights of Columbus at their headquarters in New Haven. Philadelphia In Philadelphia, Pacelli met with Cardinal Dennis Joseph Dougherty. Pacelli spent the night of October 21 in the capital, dining with the Apostolic Delegate, and visiting the Catholic University of America, the Library of Congress, National Catholic Welfare Congress, Mount Vernon, and Georgetown University the next day. His speech before the National Press Club was broadcast. Air tour Pacelli then embarked on a five-day coast-to-coast air tour covering seven cities, departing from Roosevelt Field on Long Island on a plane chartered from United Airlines. Accompanying Pacelli on the plane were Bishop Spellman, Basil Harris, the VP of United States Lines, Galeazzo, Cavenaugh, Kelly, and one of Mrs. Brady's advisers. In Chicago, Pacelli met Cardinal George Mundelein. With the presidential election impending, the Vatican made clear that it disapproved of the anti-Roosevelt rhetoric of Coughlin, a Catholic priest, making clear that Pacelli was gathering information on him. Arriving finally in New York, Pacelli said Mass at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola and received another honorary doctorate from Fordham University. Meeting with Roosevelt , where the meeting took place. On November 5, Pacelli finally met with Roosevelt at the President's home in Hyde Park, New York, for two hours over lunch. Pacelli congratulated Roosevelt on his election victory the previous day. Pacelli arrived back in Rome on November 14, where he was immediately received by Pius XI to detail his visit. ==Significance==
Significance
American perceptions of Fascism According to D'Agostino, "historians have neglected to consider how Pacelli's visit communicated to observers that the Holy See and Fascist Italy shared a special relationship". Not only did Pacelli travel with Italy's new ambassador, Fulvio Savich, but the two became close companions during the lengthy voyage. No such diplomatic link had existed since 1870, when the Risorgimento seized the territories of the Papal States, all but ending the papacy's temporal power. Roosevelt did not fulfill his promise until December 1939, when he appointed Myron Charles Taylor as his personal representative to Pius XII; Taylor's appointment was renewed by Truman and lasted until 1950. The Wartime Correspondence Between President Roosevelt and Pope Pius XII were published in 2005 with the foreword and notes of Taylor. Coughlin and the 1936 election occurred during Pacelli's visit. Both Pius XII's defenders and critics have implied the existence of a deal between Pacelli and Roosevelt to silence Father Charles Coughlin, the leading Catholic critic of the New Deal, in exchange for diplomatic recognition of the Vatican. According to Cornwell, "an unspoken quid pro quo of the visit was an exchange of favors between Pacelli and President Roosevelt. Roosevelt wanted help quelling the Catholic radio priest Father Charles Coughlin, who preached weekly and subversively to an audience of fifteen million Americans". Indeed, on November 8, shortly after Pacelli's departure, Coughlin announced that he was making his final radio broadcast. ==Notes==
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