From 1871 to 1873, he studied at the
Berlin University of the Arts, then with
Angelo Quaglio in Munich. In 1874, he travelled to Italy on foot and remained there until 1876. After returning to Germany, he studied with
Eugen Dücker at the
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf until 1880. After 1885, he was a resident of Munich. Later, he went back to Italy, visiting
Sardinia and
Sicily as well. Many of his best-known works were sketched in those locations. He also made brief trips to
Andalusia (1880) and Norway (1894), and travelled to North Africa (
Algeria, Egypt) and the
Sudan. In 1893, he visited the United States and, from 1897 to 1899, made a trip around the world, which included stops in China and Japan (1898). His sketches from there were used to create paintings for Kaiser
Wilhelm II, which were hung in the "Silbersaal" (Silver Hall) of the
Berliner Stadtschloss. steet scene, c. 1900 His landscapes often include small
genre scenes. As he progressed, his colors tended to grow brighter and his brushwork less precise, so that his later work is often loosely described as "
Impressionist", but he never associated himself with the
Secessionist movement. == Writings ==