Early years Born in
Celenza Valfortore in 1880, the son of Michelangelo Rossi and Agnese Maria Luigia Fantetti, he attended the
Military Academy of Modena and was commissioned in
Parma on 22 October 1905. From December 1909 he was a
lieutenant in the
8th Alpini Regiment. On 29 September 1912, he sailed from
Naples for
Libya, where the
Italo-Turkish War was coming to an end, but
fierce guerrilla war was being waged by the local population. He was
aide to the commander of the 1st Company of the 8th Alpini Regiment, under the command of Colonel
Antonio Cantore; he distinguished himself in the fighting in Libya, for which he received a
Silver Medal of Military Valor. He was wounded in the left arm in a
skirmish that took place on the night between 20 and 21 March 1913, and on 18 June of the same year he earned a second silver medal for his behavior in a clash near Wādī et-Tangī; in September he was awarded a
Bronze Medal of Military Valor for his role in the capture of a Senussi camp in Tecniz in Cyrenaica. He then returned to Italy, landing in
Genoa on November 30, 1913. He was appointed Knight of the
Order of the Crown of Italy for his performance during the Libyan campaign.
World War I He was promoted to
captain in January 1915 and assigned to the
7th Alpini Regiment, 96th Company, being mobilized in May when Italy entered the
First World War. His unit was deployed on
Monte Piana, in the
Sexten Dolomites. On 20 July, while leading the assault on the Austro-Hungarian entrenchments on Monte Piana, Rossi was shot in the right shoulder with an explosive bullet. For the bravery shown in this action he was awarded his third silver medal of military valor. On 29 July 1916, following the conquest of the Castelletto in the
Tofane massif, he was decorated with the Cross of the
Military Order of Savoy. In September he was seriously wounded for the fourth time and was in danger of life until early 1917. In the spring of 1918, he organized the 52nd Alpine Assault Battalion, helping to stop the Austro-Hungarian advance on Cima Ekar and Costalunga on the
Asiago plateau; the latter was seized by the Austro-Hungarians, and Rossi directed its reconquest by launching a joint
counterattack by the 52nd Battalion and other Italian and French units. This feat earned him another bronze medal. In October 1918, Rossi, by then a
Major, broke through the enemy lines with the assault group of the
6th Army and took the Austro-Hungarians in the rear at Monte Interrotto (
Asiago), thus favoring the advance of British troops in the
battle of Vittorio Veneto.
Interwar years After promotion to
Colonel in 1927, Rossi, who had already commanded the 57th Infantry Regiment, was appointed commander of the
4th Alpini Regiment from 1927 to 1934. In 1935, he briefly commanded the
58th Infantry Division Legnano and on 10 September 1935, shortly after promotion to
Brigadier General, he became the first commander of the newly established
3rd Alpine Division Julia, until 1938. In 1937, he was promoted to
Major General; from September 1938 to February 1939 he was attached to the Army Corps of
Udine, and from February to March 1939 to that of
Alessandria. In March 1939, he assumed command of the
37th Infantry Division Modena, which he held until June 1940.
World War II and later years In June 1940, Rossi was given command of the XVI Army Corps and then sent to the
Aosta Valley where he assumed command the Alpine Army Corps which, advancing from
Mont Blanc, penetrated into French territory for thirty kilometers, conquering the first fortified system of the
Isère valley. From July to October 1940, he commanded the
II Army Corps. On 25 October 1940, he was sent to
Albania to take command of the Army Corps of
Chameria, soon renamed
XXV Army Corps. The advance into Greece progressed slowly, hampered by bad weather and the stubborn Greek resistance; following the start of the Greek counteroffensive on the Italian left, covered by
XXVI Army Corps, the XXV Corps was also forced to retreat beyond the prewar border, abandoning
Gjirokastër on 7 December,
Porto Palermo on 18 December and
Himara on 20 December. To shorten its front, in mid-December the corps was assigned to the sector around Mount
Tomorr and the That e Progonat lines, where the Greek offensive was stopped. The front then became stationary until the
German intervention in April 1941 and the subsequent
fall of Greece, after which Rossi was promoted to
Lieutenant General. At the end of July 1941, he returned to
Milan to reform the
XVI Army Corps, which at the end of October was transferred first to
Naples and then to
Sicily, where he established his headquarters in
Piazza Armerina. On 10 July 1943, when
the Allies landed in Sicily, the XVI Corps under General Rossi was composed of two infantry divisions (
4th Livorno and
54th Napoli), two coastal divisions (
206th and
213th) and two coastal brigades (XVIII and XIX). Rossi's troops, stationed in
eastern Sicily, were immediately affected by the landings in
Gela,
Noto,
Avola and
Cassibile, suffering heavy losses and being forced to retreat to
Catania, then to the
Simeto-
Etna line, then to the
Randazzo-
Fiumefreddo line and finally to the
Francavilla-
Taormina line. By mid-August all units under Rossi's command had been destroyed, with the exception of the severely weakened Livorno Division, and he was evacuated to the mainland along with his command. He was then tasked with organizing the defense of the
Calabrian coasts, but was then transferred to
La Spezia where the XVI Corps was reformed with the
105th Infantry Division Rovigo and
6th Alpine Division Alpi Graie, tasked with defending the
naval base and its
hinterland. After the proclamation of the
Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, Rossi's troops halted the German advance towards La Spezia long enough for the fleet to escape, after which they were overwhelmed, and Rossi was captured in the morning of September 9. He was then imprisoned in Oflag 64/Z in
Schokken,
Poland, refusing any offer to join the
Italian Social Republic. In late January 1945 he was freed by the advancing
Red Army, being then held as "guest" in the
Soviet Union until the
end of the hostilities, when he was finally allowed to return to Italy on 6 October 1945. In 1952, he was awarded the Solemn Commendation by the
Ministry of Defense, as, although captured and interned in Schokken, he had chosen to "remain faithful to the laws of military honor and refused to join the Social Republic, preferring to repatriation, the harsh sacrifice of captivity, particularly painful for his impaired physical condition". In 1955, he was awarded the
Maurician Medal of Military Merit for fifty years of service. He died in Turin in 1967. ==References==