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Carlsen–Niemann controversy

During the Sinquefield Cup in September 2022, a controversy arose involving the chess grandmasters Magnus Carlsen, then world champion, and Hans Niemann. Carlsen, after surprisingly losing in their third-round matchup, dropped out of the tournament. Many interpreted his withdrawal as Carlsen tacitly accusing Niemann of having cheated. In their next tournament meetup, an online tournament, Carlsen abruptly resigned after one move, perplexing observers again. It became the most serious scandal about cheating allegations in chess in years, and it garnered significant attention in the news media worldwide.

Background
In 2022, Carlsen was the No. 1 rated player in history and World Chess Champion. In July 2022, Carlsen announced he would not defend his World Chess Championship title against Ian Nepomniachtchi, while affirming his desire to participate in tournaments and continue playing professional chess. At this time, Niemann stood in the top 10 of the world's juniors in chess and top 50 players overall. Over the previous three years, he had played a large number of games, and his Elo rating had risen swiftly, including a jump from 2500 to 2600 in only three months. This rapid rise had attracted attention from commentators. In August 2022, Niemann and Carlsen both competed in the FTX Crypto Cup, an in-person rapid event hosted by Chess24 in Miami. On August 16, Niemann faced Carlsen in a four-game match, and beat him in the first game with the black pieces. After the game, when asked for a post-game interview, he said only "Chess speaks for itself." He proceeded to lose the subsequent three games against Carlsen. In September, Carlsen participated as a wildcard in the 2022 Sinquefield Cup, an over-the-board tournament with classical time control and part of the Grand Chess Tour. Entering the tournament, he had a 53-game unbeaten streak in classical games which determine the FIDE world rankings. == Sinquefield Cup ==
Sinquefield Cup
On September 4, 2022, in the third round of the Sinquefield Cup, Niemann defeated Carlsen with the black pieces, playing the Nimzo-Indian Defence. Slate described the result as a "shocking upset" for Carlsen, ending his unbeaten streak to a player with a far lower rating, and in a game where he had the first-move advantage. Location: St. Louis Missouri, U.S. Date: September 4, 2022 White: Carlsen, Magnus Black: Niemann, Hans E20: Nimzo-Indian, Romanishin–Kasparov–Steiner system Result: Moves: 57 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.g3 0-0 5.Bg2 d5 6.a3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3 dxc4 8.Nf3 c5 9.0-0 cxd4 10.Qxd4 Nc6 11.Qxc4 e5 12.Bg5 h6 13.Rfd1 Be6 14.Rxd8 Bxc4 15.Rxa8 Rxa8 16.Bxf6 gxf6 17.Kf1 Rd8 18.Ke1 Na5 19.Rd1 Rc8 20.Nd2 Be6 21.c4 Bxc4 22.Nxc4 Rxc4 23.Rd8+ Kg7 24.Bd5 Rc7 25.Ra8 a6 26.Rb8 f5 27.Re8 e4 28.g4 Rc5 29.Ba2 Nc4 30.a4 (see diagram) Nd6 31.Re7 fxg4 32.Rd7 e3 33.fxe3 Ne4 34.Kf1 Rc1+ 35.Kg2 Rc2 36.Bxf7 Rxe2+ 37.Kg1 Re1+ 38.Kg2 Re2+ 39.Kg1 Kf6 40.Bd5 Rd2 41.Rf7+ Kg6 42.Rd7 Ng5 43.Bf7+ Kf5 44.Rxd2 Nf3+ 45.Kg2 Nxd2 46.a5 Ke5 47.Kg3 Nf1+ 48.Kf2 Nxh2 49.e4 Kxe4 50.Be6 Kf4 51.Bc8 Nf3 52.Bxb7 Ne5 53.Bxa6 Nc6 54.Bb7 Nxa5 55.Bd5 h5 56.Bf7 h4 57.Bd5 Ke5 0–1 Carlsen's withdrawal Carlsen withdrew from the tournament the following day, tweeting a simple announcement of his withdrawal alongside a video of José Mourinho saying "I prefer really not to speak. If I speak, I am in big trouble." Carlsen's withdrawal did not formally allege that Niemann had cheated, but the broader community saw his tweet as heavily insinuating an accusation. This was the first time in Carlsen's career that he withdrew from a major event in progress, and the incident was considered "virtually unprecedented" in top-level chess. As he had not played half of his matches in the event, the results from his first three games were annulled from the tournament, disrupting the early standings. Rampant speculation about the reasoning behind Carlsen's withdrawal on social media fueled the growing controversy. == Julius Baer Generation Cup ==
Julius Baer Generation Cup
On September 19, 2022, Carlsen was again scheduled to play Niemann in the Julius Baer Generation Cup, an online tournament hosted by chess24 that was part of the Champions Chess Tour. He began the match, made one move against Niemann, then resigned and switched off his webcam. The resignation prompted confusion and surprise from commentators Tania Sachdev and Péter Lékó. Grandmaster Maurice Ashley tweeted: "This is shocking and disturbing. No one can be happy that this is happening in the chess world. Unbelievable!" Carlsen's mention of Dlugy brought to light past accusations against Dlugy of cheating on Chess.com. On September 25, Carlsen won the tournament after defeating Arjun Erigaisi in the second final match. In his last tournament interview, Carlsen said he would provide a statement on the controversy within days. He added that he "generally [wants] cheating in chess to be dealt with seriously", and it would not be the last time he would address the topic. In a follow-up interview with TV 2's chess broadcast, Carlsen said he would "probably" post a statement on social media and that there were limits on what he could say. He did not state if those limits were for legal reasons. Carlsen stated that he wanted more focus on "fair play" in chess:It has always been a code of honor in the game at the top level that you trust each other. You know it is possible to cheat and probably not get caught, but it is so totally devastating to be caught, so then you trust that the incentives are not big enough for the best to cheat. It may feel like the time is ripe to change that point of view.On September 28, Chess.com provided Vice with internal communications between their staff and Dlugy, revealing that Dlugy had been banned from Chess.com in 2017 and 2020 for cheating in their online tournaments. Dlugy had confessed to repeatedly crowdsourcing moves from his chess academy and using an "outside source". In a statement to Vice, Dlugy criticized Carlsen for implying he was involved in the ongoing controversy, and asserted he would consider legal action against him. Dlugy later posted a statement on his involvement in the controversy, and said he believed lawsuits would follow. == Cheating allegations against Niemann ==
Cheating allegations against Niemann
Grandmaster and streamer Hikaru Nakamura said he believed Carlsen had likely suspected Niemann of cheating, claiming that Niemann had previously been banned from Chess.com for cheating in online chess games.) and in an informal beachside game against Carlsen, played a role in Carlsen's suspicions. Nakamura agreed that Miami seemed to play a role in Carlsen's thinking, stating that "When you combine (the poor Miami performances) with the long-existing rumors, Carlsen became convinced something was off." Niemann's denial In an interview on September 6, 2022, Niemann denied having cheated during the Sinquefield Cup and accused Carlsen, Nakamura, and Chess.com of attempting to ruin his career. He admitted that he had previously cheated in "multiple games" on Chess.com; first, when he was 12 years old during an online tournament and again when he was 16 years old in unrated online games. He maintained that he had never cheated in an over-the-board game. In response to unsubstantiated speculation alleging the involvement of a concealed device during the Sinquefield Cup, he offered to play in a closed environment without electronic connections and said "if they want me to strip fully naked, I will do it," to disprove any allegations of cheating. Carlsen's response On September 26, Carlsen posted his official statement regarding the controversy on Twitter. He confirmed that he had considered withdrawing from the Sinquefield Cup due to Niemann's last-minute inclusion. Carlsen stated that he believed that Niemann cheated more often and more recently than he had publicly admitted, and that Niemann's unusual over the board progress coupled with him "not being tense or even fully concentrating" during their Sinquefield Cup game had convinced him to withdraw from the tournament. He stated that he was limited in what he could say openly without "explicit permission from Niemann" but went on to say that he does not want to play against people who have repeatedly cheated in the past, and that his actions make it clear that he is not willing to play chess with Niemann. == Public responses ==
Public responses
The controversy has been described as the most serious cheating scandal for international chess since the Toiletgate incident in the World Chess Championship 2006, and became a top story in the news media worldwide. It has garnered significant attention from outside of the chess community, including on American late-night talk shows The Daily Show with Trevor Noah and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Chess organizers The executive director of the Saint Louis Chess Club (host of the Sinquefield Cup), Tony Rich, said in a statement that "a player's decision to withdraw from a tournament is a personal decision, and we respect Magnus's choice." Rich later elaborated that no formal complaint was made in writing. Bird's statement did not address the reason to add additional security measures after Carlsen's withdrawal. The SLCC organisers permanently upgraded their anti-cheating measures for future events, including nonlinear junction detectors to detect silicon in electronics, and a 30-minute broadcast delay for the duration of the U.S. Chess Championships. FIDE upgraded their anti-cheating measures for the FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2022. This included a medical doctor to inspect the ears of players for any transmitters, and confiscating the electronics of spectators. Players and commentators Two days after the game, French grandmaster Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, a participant in the 2022 Sinquefield Cup and the reigning World Blitz Champion, expressed concern that the developing drama was becoming a "witch hunt". He did not think that Niemann had cheated. Laurent Fressinet, second of Carlsen in all his World Chess Championship matches, revealed "Few months ago, I met Hans in Paris, MVL was playing a blitz match with him, it was very close and MVL won in armageddon. Then, he played with Jules Moussard, I can tell you he would kick our arse in blitz without any problems that's for sure." After the event, Ian Nepomniachtchi commented that he had asked the St. Louis organisers for additional anti-cheating measures once he heard Niemann would be playing in the event. Fabiano Caruana mentioned that Carlsen was already "upset" about Niemann's inclusion and had considered leaving before the tournament began. Christopher Yoo called for more accountability for Niemann's past actions. and Ben Finegold questioned his need for Niemann's permission if he did have evidence, and criticized him for dropping insinuations without providing any evidence. Raymond Keene stated that Niemann could seek legal counsel, citing Nona Gaprindashvili's Netflix defamation case. Sergey Karjakin criticized current anti-cheat measures but maintained that no proof so far had been established against Niemann. Garry Kasparov said he understood Carlsen's "frustration", but that leaving the Sinquefield Cup was unacceptable without any evidence of Niemann cheating. Dutch chess commentator Tim Krabbé published a satirical comment "Carlsen caught at cheating", foiling Carlsen's statement "I had the impression that he wasn't tense or even fully concentrating on the game" with a photo of Carlsen in a nap-like relaxing pose at the board. Viswanathan Anand, speaking about the controversy, said that the moves of the game did not suggest to him that Niemann was cheating, that he keeps an open mind, that he does not make claims he cannot prove, and that proof of cheating will be difficult if not impossible to produce. He asked, "I don't know, am I naïve, or are my colleagues paranoid?" Many called on FIDE to investigate the controversy. Nakamura and Daniel Naroditsky commented that there should be clear agreements among online platforms and FIDE on the subject of cheating. Leonard Barden, The Guardians chess columnist, asked FIDE to act. == Investigations ==
Investigations
Chess.com report On September 29, 2022, Allebest stated on Reddit that Chess.com was investigating Niemann's cheating with a "complete timeline" and all of the "facts and reasons" for their decisions. On October 1, Rensch announced that Chess.com would publish their findings in the following week. On October 4, The Wall Street Journal obtained Chess.com's report, which Chess.com published on the same day. The report dedicated a few pages to Niemann's over-the-board performance, stating that "in our view, there is a lack of concrete statistical evidence that he cheated in his game with Magnus or any other over-the-board ('OTB')—i.e., in-person—games." But it labeled several of Niemann's events as meriting "further investigation based on the data". The report mentioned as peculiar but drew no conclusions from the statement made by Niemann in his post-game interview that it was inexplicable and a "ridiculous miracle" that he had the very day of the game, before the game, used a computer engine to analyze an unusual position that arose in his game against Carlsen. Niemann had earlier clarified that he had analyzed a variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defence with g3, and spent extra time during the game making sure the indirect transposition would arise correctly from a different move order on the eighth move of the game. The report emphasised Carlsen's surprise at losing his OTB game to Niemann, and that Carlsen had no conversations with Chess.com regarding their anti-cheating policies. FIDE Ken Regan, an associate professor at the University at Buffalo, developed FIDE's anti-cheating system. Emil Sutovsky, the Director General of FIDE, the international chess federation, noted that Carlsen had not previously quit any tournament and thus opined that Carlsen must believe he has "a compelling reason" to do so. Dvorkovich criticized Carlsen for his actions and mentioned the "moral responsibility attached to his status", claiming that "there were better ways to handle this situation." Dvorkovich stated that FIDE has "invested in forming a group of specialists to devise sophisticated preventive measures [against cheating] that already apply at top FIDE events" and that FIDE calls for "reinforcing the cooperation between major online platforms, private events and top players". Dvorkovich announced that FIDE would task its Fair Play commission to investigate the incident "when the adequate initial proof is provided". FIDE's Fair Play Commission (FPL) will form a panel out of three of its twelve members with the possibility to consult with external expert analysis. On December 12, 2023, FIDE issued their decision on the controversy. Carlsen was found not guilty on three charges of "reckless or manifestly unfounded accusation of chess cheating", "attempt to undermine honour", and "disparagement of FIDE's reputation and interest". Carlsen was found guilty of "withdrawal from tournaments" for his sudden withdrawal from the 2022 Sinquefield Cup after his loss to Niemann. FIDE fined Carlsen 10,000 euros for the guilty finding. == Legal action ==
Legal action
On October 20, 2022, Niemann filed a federal lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri against Carlsen, his company Play Magnus Group, Chess.com, Rensch, and Nakamura. In his suit, Niemann's lawyers claimed he had been subject to defamation and unlawful collusion, and requested at least $100 million in damages, citing his disinvitation from the Chess.com Global Championship on September 5 after qualifying for it through winning the required tournaments as well as having received an email from Chess.com on August 31 saying it was "super excited to have [Niemann] in the event, and looking forward to [him] competing." Tata Steel Chess Tournament ceased its ongoing arrangements for Niemann to play in its January 2023 event, and Vincent Keymer canceled an upcoming match with him in Germany. Chess.com and Play Magnus Group called Niemann's allegations meritless. Carlsen's lawyer called Niemann's allegations "nothing more than an attempt to deflect blame onto others." Chess.com's lawyer, Nima Mohebbi, similarly stated "[t]here is no merit to Hans’ allegations, and Chess.com looks forward to setting the record straight on behalf of its team and all honest chess players." On December 2, 2022, lawyers for both Carlsen and Chess.com filed a motion to dismiss Niemann's lawsuit with the Eastern Missouri District Court, stating that Niemann's suit was a "public relations stunt". A week later Nakamura also moved to dismiss the lawsuit. On June 27, 2023, Niemann's case was dismissed by a federal judge. Settlement On August 28, 2023, Chess.com announced that all parties involved in the legal dispute had reached an agreement over the matter and there would be no further litigation. The agreement means Niemann will again be able to play on the Chess.com platform. In a statement, Carlsen said he acknowledged and understood the Chess.com report made "no determinative evidence that Niemann cheated in his game against me at the Sinquefield Cup." He said he is willing to play Niemann in future events should they be paired. Niemann said he was pleased the lawsuit had been resolved and that he could return to Chess.com. He said he looked forward to "competing against Magnus in chess rather than in court." Nakamura, who had been named as a defendant in the dismissed lawsuit, said he was glad the chess world had "moved forward", adding that "a lot of things that were spawned out of this were very negative and definitely reflected very poorly on chess as a whole." Aftermath In 2024, Carlsen and Niemann played three online games against each other during the span of several Titled Tuesday events on Chess.com. Carlsen scored 2.5/3 in those games. In the 2024 FIDE World Rapid and Blitz Team Championships, Carlsen's team WR Chess was paired four times in total against the team GMHans.com. Carlsen sat out all four matches, thus avoiding an over-the-board encounter with Niemann on board 1. Carlsen and Niemann next played again in the Speed Chess Championship on September 6, 2024, in Paris. Though the match was held in person, the games were played on a computer over Chess.com. The match consisted of three sections with different time controls. Carlsen won the 5+1 portion 7–2, while the remaining sections were tied at 4–4 and 6.5–6.5, thus giving Carlsen the win 17.5–12.5. Carlsen then proceeded to the final against Alireza Firouzja, which he won with a dominant 23.5–7.5 score. Niemann was later beaten 9–21 in the third-place match against Nakamura. Former World Champion Vladimir Kramnik, who had initially voiced public skepticism about Niemann’s integrity, later entered into direct contact with him. Following a private exchange and a meeting in Geneva, Kramnik became Niemann’s coach, mentor, and friend. Their collaboration has been confirmed by both players in multiple interviews. == References ==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com